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Integrated Sensing and Communication for Low-Altitude Security

Ruixing Ren

TL;DR

The paper addresses security challenges in low-altitude airspace populated by dense, small, and slow-moving targets. It proposes ISAC as a unifying paradigm to transform cellular networks into a wide-area sensing and communication fabric, enabling intelligent feature extraction, intention understanding, real-time collaborative decision-making, and dynamic trusted authentication. It contributes a structured analysis of LAS challenges, an ISAC-enabled empowerment framework across four core components, and a clear outline of open problems—sensing bottlenecks, generalization gaps, real-time latency, and authentication robustness—paving the way for future research and industry deployment. The work has practical significance by outlining a path to continuous, high-resolution situational awareness and secure governance for low-altitude resources using existing infrastructure and spectrum.

Abstract

The dense concentration of low-altitude, slow-speed, and small-size targets in the complex low-altitude environment poses significant security challenges, including failures in continuous wide-area sensing and ambiguous target intent, which existing regulatory frameworks struggle to address. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), a hallmark of next-generation mobile communication, offers a transformative approach to low-altitude security governance. By leveraging existing cellular infrastructure and spectrum resources, ISAC enables the construction of a seamless wide-area sensing network, supports intelligent feature extraction and intent inference, facilitates real-time collaborative decision-making, and establishes a dynamic trust authentication framework. This article systematically reviews the technical system, analyzes the security challenges, forecasts the enabling value of ISAC, and discusses the resulting open problems and challenges, thereby laying a foundation for future research and industrial implementation.

Integrated Sensing and Communication for Low-Altitude Security

TL;DR

The paper addresses security challenges in low-altitude airspace populated by dense, small, and slow-moving targets. It proposes ISAC as a unifying paradigm to transform cellular networks into a wide-area sensing and communication fabric, enabling intelligent feature extraction, intention understanding, real-time collaborative decision-making, and dynamic trusted authentication. It contributes a structured analysis of LAS challenges, an ISAC-enabled empowerment framework across four core components, and a clear outline of open problems—sensing bottlenecks, generalization gaps, real-time latency, and authentication robustness—paving the way for future research and industry deployment. The work has practical significance by outlining a path to continuous, high-resolution situational awareness and secure governance for low-altitude resources using existing infrastructure and spectrum.

Abstract

The dense concentration of low-altitude, slow-speed, and small-size targets in the complex low-altitude environment poses significant security challenges, including failures in continuous wide-area sensing and ambiguous target intent, which existing regulatory frameworks struggle to address. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), a hallmark of next-generation mobile communication, offers a transformative approach to low-altitude security governance. By leveraging existing cellular infrastructure and spectrum resources, ISAC enables the construction of a seamless wide-area sensing network, supports intelligent feature extraction and intent inference, facilitates real-time collaborative decision-making, and establishes a dynamic trust authentication framework. This article systematically reviews the technical system, analyzes the security challenges, forecasts the enabling value of ISAC, and discusses the resulting open problems and challenges, thereby laying a foundation for future research and industrial implementation.
Paper Structure (15 sections, 5 figures)

This paper contains 15 sections, 5 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Security Analysis of Low-Altitude Scenarios
  3. Physical and Motion Characteristics of Low-Altitude Targets
  4. Key Security Challenges
  5. ISAC-Enabled LAS
  6. Wide-Area Continuous Seamless Sensing Network
  7. Intelligent Feature Extraction and Intention Understanding
  8. Real-Time Collaborative Situation Sharing and Decision Support
  9. ISAC-Based Dynamic Trusted Authentication System
  10. Open Problems and Challenges
  11. Sensing Performance Bottlenecks in Complex Environments
  12. Insufficient Generalization of Intelligent Cognition and Intent Understanding
  13. Real-Time Guarantee for Low-Latency Collaborative Decision-Making
  14. Robustness Challenges of Security Authentication in Adversarial Environments
  15. Conclusion

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Key Challenges in LAS
  • Figure 2: Wide-Area Continuous Seamless Sensing Network
  • Figure 3: Intelligent Feature Extraction and Intention Understanding
  • Figure 4: Cooperative Decision-Making Architecture Based on ISAC Unified Airspace Situational Map
  • Figure 5: ISAC-Based Dynamic Trusted Authentication System