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MUSIC: a detector concept for 10 TeV $\mathbf{μ^+μ^-}$ collisions

Paolo Andreetto, Massimo Casarsa, Alessio Gianelle, Donatella Lucchesi, Leonardo Palombini, Lorenzo Sestini, Davide Zuliani

TL;DR

The paper introduces MUSIC, a detector concept tailored for 10 TeV μ^+μ^− collisions, to cope with extreme machine-induced backgrounds from muon decays and incoherent $e^+e^-$ pairs. It details a full detector design comprising an all-silicon tracking system, a lead-fluorite ECAL, an iron-scintillator HCAL, and a 5 T magnet, with shielding nozzles to suppress background influx. Through Geant4-based simulations incorporating BIB and IPP (modeled with FLUKA EU24 and Guinea-Pig), the study demonstrates robust reconstruction of tracks, muons, photons, electrons, and jets, along with effective $b$-tagging, enabling Higgs measurements and self-coupling studies under realistic backgrounds. The results indicate that MUSIC has strong potential for enabling the physics program of future high-energy muon colliders and provides a concrete foundation for detector development in this domain.

Abstract

The full exploitation of the physics potential of a multi-TeV muon collider will ultimately lie in the detector's ability to cope with unprecedented levels of machine-induced backgrounds. This contribution introduces the MUSIC (MUon System for Interesting Collisions) detector concept and presents its performance in the context of $\sqrt{s}$ = 10 TeV muon-antimuon collisions. The MUSIC detector is designed to mitigate machine-induced background effects while maintaining high efficiency and accuracy in the reconstruction of physics events, in particular in the Higgs boson sector and in the search for new physics. It features an all-silicon tracking system, a semi-homogeneous lead-fluorite crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, an iron-scintillator sampling hadronic calorimeter, and a superconducting magnet providing a 5 T magnetic field. Detailed detector simulations, accounting for the dominant machine-induced backgrounds, demonstrate promising performance in track, muon, photon, electron, and jet reconstruction, as well as jet flavor identification, highlighting the detector's strong potential for high-energy muon collider experiments.

MUSIC: a detector concept for 10 TeV $\mathbf{μ^+μ^-}$ collisions

TL;DR

The paper introduces MUSIC, a detector concept tailored for 10 TeV μ^+μ^− collisions, to cope with extreme machine-induced backgrounds from muon decays and incoherent pairs. It details a full detector design comprising an all-silicon tracking system, a lead-fluorite ECAL, an iron-scintillator HCAL, and a 5 T magnet, with shielding nozzles to suppress background influx. Through Geant4-based simulations incorporating BIB and IPP (modeled with FLUKA EU24 and Guinea-Pig), the study demonstrates robust reconstruction of tracks, muons, photons, electrons, and jets, along with effective -tagging, enabling Higgs measurements and self-coupling studies under realistic backgrounds. The results indicate that MUSIC has strong potential for enabling the physics program of future high-energy muon colliders and provides a concrete foundation for detector development in this domain.

Abstract

The full exploitation of the physics potential of a multi-TeV muon collider will ultimately lie in the detector's ability to cope with unprecedented levels of machine-induced backgrounds. This contribution introduces the MUSIC (MUon System for Interesting Collisions) detector concept and presents its performance in the context of = 10 TeV muon-antimuon collisions. The MUSIC detector is designed to mitigate machine-induced background effects while maintaining high efficiency and accuracy in the reconstruction of physics events, in particular in the Higgs boson sector and in the search for new physics. It features an all-silicon tracking system, a semi-homogeneous lead-fluorite crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, an iron-scintillator sampling hadronic calorimeter, and a superconducting magnet providing a 5 T magnetic field. Detailed detector simulations, accounting for the dominant machine-induced backgrounds, demonstrate promising performance in track, muon, photon, electron, and jet reconstruction, as well as jet flavor identification, highlighting the detector's strong potential for high-energy muon collider experiments.
Paper Structure (12 sections, 4 figures)

This paper contains 12 sections, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The MUSIC detector concept
  3. Tracking system
  4. Calorimeters
  5. Muon system
  6. Detector magnet
  7. MUSIC detector performance
  8. Tracks
  9. Muons
  10. Photons and electrons
  11. Hadronic jets
  12. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: The MUSIC detector concept.
  • Figure 2: Left: Track reconstruction efficiency as a function of the muon transverse momentum in a sample of single muons with BIB and IPP overlaid. Right: Track transverse-momentum resolution as a function of the muon polar angle in three ranges of $p_T$. To suppress the rate of fake tracks, reconstructed from random combinations of background hits, cleaning criteria of $p_T > 1$ GeV and $|d_0| < 0.1$ mm are applied.
  • Figure 3: Left: Photon energy resolution in ECAL barrel and endcaps as a function of photon energy in a single photon sample with BIB and IPP overlaid. Right: Electron reconstruction efficiency in the ECAL barrel as a function of electron $p_T$ in a single electron sample with BIB and IPP overlaid.
  • Figure 4: Top: Reconstruction efficiency as a function of generator-level jet $p_T$ (left) and polar angle (right) for jets originating from $b$-, $c$-, and light-flavor quarks. Bottom left: Jet energy resolution as a function of generator-level jet $p_T$ for $b$-, $c$-, and light-flavor jets in the central detector region ($60^\circ < \theta_{\text{jet}} < 120^\circ$). Bottom right: $b$-tagging efficiency as a function of the true quark $p_T$ for jets originating from $b$-, $c$-, and light-flavor quarks.