Examining possible doubly topped baryon configurations

TL;DR

Addresses the question of whether baryons containing two top quarks can exist and estimates their ground-state masses using the QCD sum-rule framework. It constructs two-point correlators from interpolating currents, performs an operator product expansion including perturbative and condensate contributions up to dimension eight, and applies a Borel transform with continuum subtraction to stabilize the predictions. Masses are extracted from the standard sum-rule ratio and the results show central values slightly above the sum of constituent quark masses within uncertainties. These predictions offer theoretical input for upcoming LHC searches and future facilities such as the FCC, and they underscore the role of nonperturbative multi-quark dynamics in sustaining such heavy color-singlet configurations.

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical assessment of the masses of possible baryonic configurations characterized by the presence of two heavy top quarks, including $Ξ_{ttu}$, $Ξ_{ttd}$, $Ω_{tts}$, $Ω_{ttc}$, and $Ω_{ttb}$ systems. This analysis is rigorously executed within the specialized framework of two-point $\mathrm{QCD}$ sum rules, focusing on their predicted ground state masses. Our interest in these systems arises from recent CMS and ATLAS reports indicating a pseudoscalar excess close to $t\bar{t}$ threshold. Our evaluation incorporates both perturbative terms and nonperturbative effects, including condensate contributions up to dimension eight. Based on our results, the extracted central masses for all channels are slightly above the sum of the constituent quark masses, which is consistent with the inherent uncertainties of the method. These quantitative predictions provide a useful first-principle theoretical reference, which may help future experimental searches for such heavy configurations at the LHC and inform sensitivity studies at next-generation facilities such as the FCC.

Figures (1)

• Figure 1: Left: Behavior of the extracted $\Xi_{ttu}$ mass as a function of the Borel parameter $M^2$ at several selected values of the continuum threshold $s_0$ and at Ioffe point $\cos\theta =-0.71$. Right: Behavior of the $\Xi_{ttu}$ mass with respect to the continuum threshold $s_0$ for different fixed choices of the Borel mass parameter $M^2$ and at Ioffe point $\cos\theta =-0.71$.