Performance Benchmarks for 2-View and 3-View Fiber-Projection Fine-Grained Particle Detectors

Abstract

Fine-grained scintillator detectors are critical for precision measurements in nuclear and particle physics, where accurate reconstruction of interaction vertices and secondary particle directions enables separation of signal from background events. A well-known design choice is the fiber readout geometry: traditional 2-View systems use orthogonal X and Y fibers, while next-generation 3-View designs add a third Z-fiber layer that provides unambiguous 3D voxel identification. The 2-View approach suffers from combinatorial ghost hits, that the false 3D candidates arising from fiber projection ambiguities, degrading reconstruction performance in high-multiplicity events. This paper presents comprehensive simulation benchmarks quantifying the performance difference between 2-View and 3-View geometries across key metrics. We find that the 3-View geometry reduces ghost hits by 30--90\% depending on event topology, provides robust vertex resolution across complex topologies, and maintains superior angular resolution for shower direction reconstruction. These benchmarks inform the design optimization of future detectors and provide quantitative guidance for reconstruction algorithm development across a broad range of experiments including neutrino physics, rare kaon/pion decays, and collider calorimetry.

Figures (39)

• Figure 1: The 3-View scintillator detector concept. Each cubic voxel is read out by three orthogonal wavelength-shifting fibers (X, Y, Z), with MPPCs at the fiber ends. The highlighted cube illustrates the triple-fiber readout geometry. Figure is taken from AGARWAL2023137843.
• Figure 2: Geometry parameters for shower simulation. A cone-shaped shower originates from vertex $V$ with: $N$ hits distributed within the cone volume, length $L$ along the shower axis, polar angle $\theta$ from the Z-axis, azimuthal angle $\phi$ in the XY plane, and cone half-opening angle $\alpha$. Some of the 2V fiber grid is shown for reference.
• Figure 3: Schematic of ghost hit formation. Left: 2-View case showing ambiguous intersections. Right: 3-View case with Z-fiber veto eliminating ghosts.
• Figure 4: Example of irreducible ghosts in 3-View geometry. A configuration of four true hits creates fiber coincidences that satisfy the 3-View constraint at additional ghost positions.
• Figure 5: Ghost hit count vs cone angle $\alpha$ for $N = 10, 50, 100, 200$ hits. Left: 2-View. Right: 3-View. Shower parameters: $L = 20$ cm, orientations averaged over $\theta$ and $\phi$. Error bars show standard deviation across 50 trials.