Santa Clara 3D: Digital Reconstruction and Storytelling of a Francoist Concentration Camp

TL;DR

The paper argues that digital reconstruction and interactive storytelling can preserve memory of sites erased by violence, focusing on Santa Clara Park in Soria, Spain. It presents a low-cost pipeline combining archival research, 3D modeling in SketchUp, 360° photography, and a web-based platform to visualize three historical phases—convent origins, camp use, and present state—through layered maps and media markers. The main contributions include a web platform for historical exploration, a virtual camp reconstruction based on historical sources, and a participatory design approach with local memory groups to support memory work and public education. The work demonstrates how digital heritage tools can engage diverse audiences, raise awareness, and be adapted to other sites with limited remaining physical traces.

Abstract

This paper explores the potential of digital reconstruction and interactive storytelling to preserve historically suppressed sites. The main objective of an interdisciplinary team of data scientists from the MEMORISE project and associates of the memory association Asociacion Recuerdo y Dignidad was to preserve the memory of the Francoist Santa Clara concentration camp in Soria, Spain, through the use of digital technology. Combining archival research, 3D modelling, 360-degree photography, and web development, a prototype digital platform was created to visualise the transformation of the site across three historical phases: its origin as a convent, its use as a Francoist concentration camp, and its present-day condition. The platform allows users to navigate through spatial and temporal layers. Clickable media markers encourage exploration and interaction. Drawing on principles of participatory design, narrative visualisation, and open-ended user engagement, the project demonstrates how digital tools can support memory work, public engagement, and historical reflection. Our low-cost concept is especially adaptable to other physical sites that have been erased or forgotten.

Figures (10)

• Figure 1: Methodological overview of the project steps, from collecting and transforming data to integrating it to the digital platform.
• Figure 2: 3D reconstruction of Santa Clara: (a) 2D floor plan of a single building from the Santa Clara concentration camp, created in SketchUp, (b) 2D overview of the entire camp layout, showing the placement and dimensions of all 16 buildings, (c) 3D model of one reconstructed building, including architectural features and texturing based on historical and photographic references, and (d) 3D overview of the entire camp reconstruction. The image highlights the visual contrast between buildings with and without applied wall textures.
• Figure 3: Flowchart illustration of possible user interactions on the platform.
• Figure 4: Concentration Camp Layer (1936) – A reconstructed site plan overlays the map, showing the Santa Clara complex during its use as a concentration camp. Markers open 3D models and historical descriptions of the buildings, enabling users to explore the camp's structure and use.
• Figure 5: Convent Layer (1835) – A hand-drawn historical map depicts the original layout of the Santa Clara convent. Informational and video markers provide insight into the site's religious function and early architecture.