Duality and measurement: the Copenhagen reconciliation

TL;DR

This work reframes the Copenhagen interpretation as a structured duality of five perspectives—ontological, analytical, epistemological, causal, and information—organized through physical-analytical synergy to reconcile observer, measurer, apparatus, and object. It introduces a measurement formalism that preserves apparatus classicality while coupling to the quantum system via a hybrid state and a measurement Hamiltonian that maintains classicality during interaction and yields definite outcomes at completion. By analyzing Schrödinger's cat and Wigner's friend, the approach shows how the correct placement of the analytical and physical cuts dissolves the measurement problem and resolves macro-micro and information-knowledge dichotomies. The mobility of the experimental context under the measurement logos provides a principled path from quantum potentiality to classical actuality, without invoking universalism or pure subjectivism. Collectively, the framework clarifies the role of the observer, the nature of measurement, and the emergence of classical reality within a rigorous Copenhagen-inspired duality.

Abstract

Duality, not monism, constitutes the hermeneutic lens that characterizes the original Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Therefore, evoking the principles of correspondence and complementarity, in this work we re assert a dual-aspect reading of quantum theory, structured through a multi-perspective schema encompassing its ontological, analytical, epistemological, causal, and information dimensions. We then show how this schema dissolves the so-called measurement problem, along with the associated knowledge-information and macro-micro dichotomies, issues historically raised within later monistic or universalist philosophical settings that ultimately depart from the traditional Copenhagen spirit.