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Probing Lorentz Invariance Violation at High-Energy Colliders via Intermediate Massive Boson Mass Measurements: Z Boson Example

Z. Kepuladze, J. Jejelava

TL;DR

This paper investigates Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the weak sector by focusing on modifications to Z-boson dispersion and the resulting shifts in Drell–Yan resonance measurements. It argues that LIV effects can be enhanced at high energies through altered intermediate-boson propagation, with a qualitative and quantitative framework linking LIV operators to changes in the Z propagator and resonance observables. The main contributions include a detailed LIV-augmented propagator, explicit expressions for the Z resonance mass shift $M_r^2$, and rapidity- and direction-dependent signatures (including potential sidereal-time modulations). The work concludes that collider experiments could reach sensitivity to LIV at the $|\delta_{LIV}|\sim 10^{-9}$ level, offering a unique, complementary probe to astrophysical bounds for the weak sector and motivating rapidity- and time-bin analyses and extension to W bosons.

Abstract

Lorentz invariance (LI) is a foundational principle of modern physics, yet its possible violation (LIV) remains an intriguing window to physics beyond the Standard Model. While stringent constraints exist in the electromagnetic and hadronic sectors, the weak sector-particularly unstable bosons-remains largely unexplored. In this work, based on our recent studies and conference presentation, we analyze how LIV manifests in high-energy collider experiments, focusing on modifications of Z boson dispersion relations and their impact on resonance measurements in Drell--Yan processes. We argue that precision measurements of resonance masses at colliders provide sensitivity to LIV at the level of $10^{-9}$, comparable to bounds derived from cosmic rays. We also discuss the interplay between LIV and gauge invariance, highlighting why only specific operators provide physical effects. The phenomenological implications for both Z and W bosons are outlined, with emphasis on experimental strategies for current and future colliders.

Probing Lorentz Invariance Violation at High-Energy Colliders via Intermediate Massive Boson Mass Measurements: Z Boson Example

TL;DR

This paper investigates Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the weak sector by focusing on modifications to Z-boson dispersion and the resulting shifts in Drell–Yan resonance measurements. It argues that LIV effects can be enhanced at high energies through altered intermediate-boson propagation, with a qualitative and quantitative framework linking LIV operators to changes in the Z propagator and resonance observables. The main contributions include a detailed LIV-augmented propagator, explicit expressions for the Z resonance mass shift , and rapidity- and direction-dependent signatures (including potential sidereal-time modulations). The work concludes that collider experiments could reach sensitivity to LIV at the level, offering a unique, complementary probe to astrophysical bounds for the weak sector and motivating rapidity- and time-bin analyses and extension to W bosons.

Abstract

Lorentz invariance (LI) is a foundational principle of modern physics, yet its possible violation (LIV) remains an intriguing window to physics beyond the Standard Model. While stringent constraints exist in the electromagnetic and hadronic sectors, the weak sector-particularly unstable bosons-remains largely unexplored. In this work, based on our recent studies and conference presentation, we analyze how LIV manifests in high-energy collider experiments, focusing on modifications of Z boson dispersion relations and their impact on resonance measurements in Drell--Yan processes. We argue that precision measurements of resonance masses at colliders provide sensitivity to LIV at the level of , comparable to bounds derived from cosmic rays. We also discuss the interplay between LIV and gauge invariance, highlighting why only specific operators provide physical effects. The phenomenological implications for both Z and W bosons are outlined, with emphasis on experimental strategies for current and future colliders.
Paper Structure (8 sections, 33 equations, 2 figures, 1 table)

This paper contains 8 sections, 33 equations, 2 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Constraints and Open Windows
  3. Testing LIV at Accelerators: Concept
  4. Modified Dynamics of the Z Boson
  5. Phenomenology in Drell--Yan Processes
  6. Experimental Strategy
  7. Discussion: Z vs W Bosons
  8. Conclusions and Outlook

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: $(\sigma_{LIV}-\sigma_{LI})/\sigma_{LI}$
  • Figure 2: Highly exaggerated comparison of parton's LIV and LI cross-sections.