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Device-Independent Anonymous Communication in Quantum Networks

Srijani Das, Manasi Patra, Tuhin Paul, Anish Majumdar, Ramij Rahaman

TL;DR

The paper tackles anonymous communication in quantum networks under fully adversarial conditions by introducing a fully quantum, device-independent framework that certifies GHZ correlations via self-testing. It builds a protocol suite (Parities, Anonymous OR, Collision Detection, and Anonymous Entanglement Generation) that operates without private channels and uses DI-certified GHZ resources to achieve anonymous quantum/state transfer. Central contributions include a robust device-independent certification method based on a GHZ Bell-type inequality, rigorous security bounds under noise, and the ability to generate anonymous EPR pairs and support anonymous conference-key generation. This work advances practical, scalable anonymous communication on the quantum internet with minimal trust assumptions.

Abstract

Anonymity is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that hides the identities of both senders and receivers during message transmission over a network. Classical protocols cannot provide information-theoretic security for such task, and existing quantum approaches typically depend on classical subroutines and multiple private channels, thereby weakening their security in fully adversarial settings. In this work, we introduce the first fully quantum protocol for anonymous communication in realistic quantum networks with a device-independent security proof.

Device-Independent Anonymous Communication in Quantum Networks

TL;DR

The paper tackles anonymous communication in quantum networks under fully adversarial conditions by introducing a fully quantum, device-independent framework that certifies GHZ correlations via self-testing. It builds a protocol suite (Parities, Anonymous OR, Collision Detection, and Anonymous Entanglement Generation) that operates without private channels and uses DI-certified GHZ resources to achieve anonymous quantum/state transfer. Central contributions include a robust device-independent certification method based on a GHZ Bell-type inequality, rigorous security bounds under noise, and the ability to generate anonymous EPR pairs and support anonymous conference-key generation. This work advances practical, scalable anonymous communication on the quantum internet with minimal trust assumptions.

Abstract

Anonymity is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that hides the identities of both senders and receivers during message transmission over a network. Classical protocols cannot provide information-theoretic security for such task, and existing quantum approaches typically depend on classical subroutines and multiple private channels, thereby weakening their security in fully adversarial settings. In this work, we introduce the first fully quantum protocol for anonymous communication in realistic quantum networks with a device-independent security proof.
Paper Structure (10 sections, 11 theorems, 39 equations)

This paper contains 10 sections, 11 theorems, 39 equations.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Quantum anonymous communication
  3. Self-testing of GHZ correlation
  4. Security analysis
  5. Conclusion
  6. Annexure-I
  7. Annexure-II
  8. Bell-type inequality for GHZ correlation
  9. Proof of Theorem 2
  10. Proof of Theorem 3

Key Result

Theorem 1

The maximum (minimum) algebraic value of $\langle \hat{\mathcal{O}}\rangle$ can only be achieved by $|\psi_n^{+(-)}\rangle$ for odd $n$.

Theorems & Definitions (11)

  • Theorem 1
  • Lemma 1
  • Theorem 2
  • Theorem 3
  • Lemma 2
  • Lemma 3
  • Lemma 4
  • Lemma 5
  • Lemma 6
  • Theorem 2
  • ...and 1 more