Connected and disconnected contributions to nucleon form factors and parton distributions

Abstract

Using the framework of generalized parton distribution, we provide a unified interpretation of the connected and disconnected contributions from the ab-initio Euclidean path-integral formulation of the hadronic tensor in both the nucleon elastic form factors and the parton distribution functions. We develop a phenomenology to elucidate non-perturbative contributions to deep inelastic structure functions, which can be extended to observables in heavy-ion collisions probing baryon junctions.

Figures (2)

• Figure 1: Fit of the GPD models for the symmetric, Eq.\ref{['eq:minus_D_model']}, distributions to the disconnected insertion component of the Dirac and Pauli form factors from Ref. Alexandrou:2025vto (upper panels) and the antisymmetric, Eq. \ref{['eq:plus_D_model']}, distributions to the disconnected insertion component of the $A_{20}, B_{20}$ moments Ref.Alexandrou:2020sml (lower panels).
• Figure 2: Momentum fraction $x$ dependence predictions for the $+$ and $-$ components of the GPDs $H, E$. The blue lines give the total distributions, while the orange and green lines are the connected and disconnected contributions, respectively, obtained in this work.