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A Novel Noise Analysis Method for Frequency Transfer System by Using ADEV Combine with EMD-WT

Xuan Yang. Junhui Li, Bin Luo, Ziyang Chen, Hong guo

TL;DR

This paper addresses the limited time–frequency insight provided by Allan deviation (ADEV) in precision frequency transfer systems. It introduces a novel framework that combines wavelet-transformed empirical mode decomposition (EMD-WT) with ADEV, enabling concurrent time–frequency localization and noise-type attribution across IMF-derived bands. The method demonstrates superior discrimination of noise sources—such as white, flicker, and drift components—within both device-specific signals (e.g., EDFA) and a long-distance frequency transfer link, validated against WT and HHT baselines. The approach promises improved diagnostic capability for system stability and can be extended to other high-precision frequency transfer applications, offering practical impact for metrology and telecommunications.

Abstract

In precision frequency transfer systems, stringent requirements are imposed on the phase stability of transmitted signals. Throughout the transmission process, the inherent challenges of long-haul signal propagation inevitably introduce multiple noise components, including but not limited to thermal noise, phase fluctuations, and environmental interference. The system incline to use the conventional evaluation index - Allan deviation (ADEV) to reflect the system stability in order to evaluate the noise level. Whereas, ADEV can only provide numerical expression and lacks the time-frequency details. Therefore, a complete evaluation system is required by the system. In this paper, we present a groundbreaking integration of ADEV and wavelet transformed empirical mode decomposition (EMD-WT), establishing a novel analytical framework that enables simultaneous characterization of noise types and time-frequency domain properties. This synergistic approach achieves unprecedented dual-domain resolution in noise discrimination in frequency transfer systems.

A Novel Noise Analysis Method for Frequency Transfer System by Using ADEV Combine with EMD-WT

TL;DR

This paper addresses the limited time–frequency insight provided by Allan deviation (ADEV) in precision frequency transfer systems. It introduces a novel framework that combines wavelet-transformed empirical mode decomposition (EMD-WT) with ADEV, enabling concurrent time–frequency localization and noise-type attribution across IMF-derived bands. The method demonstrates superior discrimination of noise sources—such as white, flicker, and drift components—within both device-specific signals (e.g., EDFA) and a long-distance frequency transfer link, validated against WT and HHT baselines. The approach promises improved diagnostic capability for system stability and can be extended to other high-precision frequency transfer applications, offering practical impact for metrology and telecommunications.

Abstract

In precision frequency transfer systems, stringent requirements are imposed on the phase stability of transmitted signals. Throughout the transmission process, the inherent challenges of long-haul signal propagation inevitably introduce multiple noise components, including but not limited to thermal noise, phase fluctuations, and environmental interference. The system incline to use the conventional evaluation index - Allan deviation (ADEV) to reflect the system stability in order to evaluate the noise level. Whereas, ADEV can only provide numerical expression and lacks the time-frequency details. Therefore, a complete evaluation system is required by the system. In this paper, we present a groundbreaking integration of ADEV and wavelet transformed empirical mode decomposition (EMD-WT), establishing a novel analytical framework that enables simultaneous characterization of noise types and time-frequency domain properties. This synergistic approach achieves unprecedented dual-domain resolution in noise discrimination in frequency transfer systems.
Paper Structure (15 sections, 6 equations, 15 figures)

This paper contains 15 sections, 6 equations, 15 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Method
  3. Method of EMD-WT
  4. Method of EMD-WT combined with ADEV
  5. Method of wavelet selection
  6. Experiment
  7. The experimental setup of phase noise data collection of mode locking and EDFA
  8. The experimental setup of phase noise data collection of frequency transfer link
  9. The comparative experimental setup of WT, HHT and EMD-WT
  10. Result
  11. The three methods – WT, HHT and EMD-WT
  12. Noise type and characteristic analysis -- EMD-WT combined with ADEV analysis
  13. The analysis of frequency transfer system
  14. Conclusion
  15. Back matter

Figures (15)

  • Figure 1: The diagram of EMD-WT.
  • Figure 2: Wavelet Basis Comparison for IMF-1.
  • Figure 3: Flowchart of EMD-WT method.
  • Figure 4: The local analysis structure of the link(DMM represents digital multi meter; LPF represents low-pass filter; O/E represents optical-electrical conversion system).
  • Figure 5: The experimental structure of frequency transfer link (LCS represents locking control system; OFC represents optical frequency comb; DCF represents dispersion compensation fiber; DWDM represents dense-wavelength division multiplexer).
  • ...and 10 more figures