The Colombian legislative process, 2014-2025: networks, topics, and polarization
Juan Sosa, Brayan Riveros, Emma J. Camargo-Díaz
TL;DR
Este trabajo aplica una combinación de redes bipartitas y análisis semántico a 4,083 proyectos de ley de la Cámara de Representantes de Colombia (2014–2025) para mapear estructuras de colaboración entre partidos y parlamentarios, y para extraer tópicos temáticos mediante SBM y LDA. Al integrar redes y contenido textual, identifica actores influyentes y patrones de cooperación, y observa desplazamientos temáticos alineados con las coyunturas de Santos, Duque y Petro sin una marcada polarización estructural en la coautoría. Los resultados destacan redes bipartitas densas, hubs persistentes entre ciertas colectividades y diferencias temáticas entre gobiernos, con SBM revelando bloques de alta interacción interna y LDA enfrentando limitaciones por textos breves. En conjunto, el estudio propone una síntesis replicable para transparencia cívica y sugiere futuras líneas para vincular patrones de cooperación con resultados legislativos y ampliar herramientas de visualización y oversight ciudadano.
Abstract
The legislative output of Colombia's House of Representatives between 2014 and 2025 is analyzed using 4,083 bills. Bipartite networks are constructed between parties and bills, and between representatives and bills, along with their projections, to characterize co-sponsorship patterns, centrality, and influence, and to assess whether political polarization is reflected in legislative collaboration. In parallel, the content of the initiatives is studied through semantic networks based on co-occurrences extracted from short descriptions, and topics by party and period are identified using a stochastic block model for weighted networks, with additional comparison using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. In addition, a Bayesian sociability model is applied to detect terms with robust connectivity and to summarize discursive cores. Overall, the approach integrates relational and semantic structure to describe thematic shifts across administrations, identify influential actors and collectives, and provide a reproducible synthesis that promotes transparency and citizen oversight of the legislative process.
