Why the Northern Hemisphere Needs a 30-40 m Telescope and the Science at Stake: Cosmology and High-z Universe
Pablo G. Pérez-González, Roberto Maiolino, Pascal A. Oesch, Alvio Renzini, Tommaso Treu, Cristina Ramos Almeida, Sandra Faber, Luis Colina, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Santiago Arribas, Guillermo Barro, Helmut Dannerbauer, Mark Dickinson, Mauro Giavalisco, Marc Huertas-Company, Göran Östlin, Giulia Rodighiero, Patricia Sánchez-Blázquez, Elisa Toloba
Abstract
Full sky coverage with 30-40 meter-class telescopes is essential to answer fundamental questions in Astrophysics, Cosmology, and Physics, such as the composition of the Universe and the formation of the first stars and supermassive black holes. An ELT/TMT-like telescope in the Northern Hemisphere is a fundamental and necessary facility to provide multiplexing of observing power, diversity of instrumentation, rapid response, and statistical power required to address the questions and the problems, current and future, unveiled by full sky observatories such as JWST, Euclid, or Roman space telescopes. The Northern ELT/TMT will expedite the study of unique, extreme, rare, transient, and/or high-energy events which will give the most information about fundamental Physics problems in the era of multi-messenger and time-domain Astronomy.