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Dark Matter and Dark Energy in Three-Higgs Doublet Model

Mohid Farhan, Ibtehaj Hassan, Muhammad Usman, Noraiz Tahir

Abstract

This article discusses the incorporation of dark matter and dark energy into a new physics model called the Three-Higgs Doublet Model. Dark matter and dark energy are accommodated as CP-even and $Z_2$-odd scalars in their respective inert doublets. By leveraging a $Z_2$ symmetry to suppress certain interactions, we model the behavior of dark matter. Similarly, by imposing a shift symmetry, dark energy can be mimicked within the same framework for the current cosmic epoch. The dark matter relic density is calculated for our model using \texttt{micrOMEGAs}. It is shown that despite the inclusion of dark energy, dark matter relic density can be brought within observational bounds and match existing literature. Furthermore, the one-loop and two-loop Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) were computed using \texttt{SARAH} to ensure radiative stability over a large range of energies. This study lays the groundwork for a future study of dark matter-dark energy interactions in the early universe and the exploration of different early universe dynamics.

Dark Matter and Dark Energy in Three-Higgs Doublet Model

Abstract

This article discusses the incorporation of dark matter and dark energy into a new physics model called the Three-Higgs Doublet Model. Dark matter and dark energy are accommodated as CP-even and -odd scalars in their respective inert doublets. By leveraging a symmetry to suppress certain interactions, we model the behavior of dark matter. Similarly, by imposing a shift symmetry, dark energy can be mimicked within the same framework for the current cosmic epoch. The dark matter relic density is calculated for our model using \texttt{micrOMEGAs}. It is shown that despite the inclusion of dark energy, dark matter relic density can be brought within observational bounds and match existing literature. Furthermore, the one-loop and two-loop Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) were computed using \texttt{SARAH} to ensure radiative stability over a large range of energies. This study lays the groundwork for a future study of dark matter-dark energy interactions in the early universe and the exploration of different early universe dynamics.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 5 sections, 72 equations, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Theoretical Framework
  3. Observational Constraints on dark matter relic density
  4. Radiative Stability of the Dark Energy scalar
  5. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Dark matter relic density as a function of the coupling constant for different values of $\delta$.
  • Figure 2: Dark matter relic density plotted as a function of $\lambda_L$ for varying dark matter mass ($m_{DM}$).
  • Figure 3: This plot varies $m_{DM}$ from 500 GeV to 700 GeV with increments of 25 GeV, while setting $\delta=0.5$. It is a direct comparison to figure 6 (right) presented in Keus2015.
  • Figure 4: This plot varies $m_{DM}$ from 500 GeV to 700 GeV with increments of 25 GeV, while setting $\delta=1$. It is a direct comparison to case H presented in Keus2015.