The Human Need for Storytelling: Reflections on Qualitative Software Engineering Research With a Focus Group of Experts

TL;DR

This paper presents a reflective focus group discussion with three senior qualitative SE researchers (Hoda, Seaman, Stol) about the state, history, and future of qualitative methods in software engineering. It covers why qualitative research matters, how it has evolved, and impediments such as publication constraints and practitioner trust that shaped its adoption. The authors recount personal success stories and pivotal influences (grounded theory, war stories, theory-driven case studies) to illustrate methodological diversity and practical impact. A central theme is industry validation through practice and storytelling, alongside tension between depth and scalability in contemporary venues. The discussion concludes with cautious optimism about GenAI and LLMs, arguing for responsible use that preserves reflexivity and human interpretation while encouraging ongoing methodological guidance and hands-on engagement.

Abstract

From its first adoption in the late 80s, qualitative research has slowly but steadily made a name for itself in what was, and perhaps still is, the predominantly quantitative software engineering (SE) research landscape. As part of our regular column on empirical software engineering (ACM SIGSOFT SEN-ESE), we reflect on the state of qualitative SE research with a focus group of experts. Among other things, we discuss why qualitative SE research is important, how it evolved over time, common impediments faced while practicing it today, and what the future of qualitative SE research might look like. Joining the conversation are Rashina Hoda (Monash University, Australia), Carolyn Seaman (University of Maryland, United States), and Klaas Stol (University College Cork, Ireland). The content of this paper is a faithful account of our conversation from October 25, 2025, which we moderated and edited for our column.