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ISAC-Powered Distributed Matching and Resource Allocation in Multi-band NTN

Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Shashi Raj Pandey, Petar Popovski, Fabio Saggese, Beatriz Soret, Cedomir Stefanovic

TL;DR

The paper tackles scalability in NGSO networks by enabling resilient, high-bandwidth operation across sub-6 GHz and higher bands despite rainfall-induced attenuation. It introduces an ISAC-powered framework that tightly couples atmospheric sensing, distributed cell-to-satellite matching, and local resource allocation within a 5G NTN frame structure featuring beam hopping. The authors develop a broker-based deferred acceptance matching algorithm, a frame-structure-driven sensing/feedback process, and a convex-relaxed RA problem, demonstrating a 73% increase in per-user throughput for multi-band constellations over S-band alone, with sensing overhead kept manageable at practical pilot lengths. This work offers a scalable, distributed approach to NTN resource management that approaches centralized performance while reducing signaling overhead and complexity, with clear pathways for future enhancement in fast-fading conditions.

Abstract

Scalability is a major challenge in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite networks due to the massive number of ground users sharing the limited sub-6 GHz spectrum. Using K- and higher bands is a promising alternative to increase the accessible bandwidth, but these bands are subject to significant atmospheric attenuation, notably rainfall, which can lead to degraded performance and link outages. We present an integrated sensing and communications (ISAC)-powered framework for resilient and efficient operation of multi-band satellite networks. It is based on distributed mechanisms for atmospheric sensing, cell-to-satellite matching, and resource allocation (RA) in a 5G Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) wide-area scenario with quasi-Earth fixed cells and a beam hopping mechanism. Results with a multi-layer multi-band constellation with satellites operating in the S- and K-bands demonstrate the benefits of our framework for ISAC-powered multi-band systems, which achieves 73% higher throughput per user when compared to single S- and K-band systems.

ISAC-Powered Distributed Matching and Resource Allocation in Multi-band NTN

TL;DR

The paper tackles scalability in NGSO networks by enabling resilient, high-bandwidth operation across sub-6 GHz and higher bands despite rainfall-induced attenuation. It introduces an ISAC-powered framework that tightly couples atmospheric sensing, distributed cell-to-satellite matching, and local resource allocation within a 5G NTN frame structure featuring beam hopping. The authors develop a broker-based deferred acceptance matching algorithm, a frame-structure-driven sensing/feedback process, and a convex-relaxed RA problem, demonstrating a 73% increase in per-user throughput for multi-band constellations over S-band alone, with sensing overhead kept manageable at practical pilot lengths. This work offers a scalable, distributed approach to NTN resource management that approaches centralized performance while reducing signaling overhead and complexity, with clear pathways for future enhancement in fast-fading conditions.

Abstract

Scalability is a major challenge in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite networks due to the massive number of ground users sharing the limited sub-6 GHz spectrum. Using K- and higher bands is a promising alternative to increase the accessible bandwidth, but these bands are subject to significant atmospheric attenuation, notably rainfall, which can lead to degraded performance and link outages. We present an integrated sensing and communications (ISAC)-powered framework for resilient and efficient operation of multi-band satellite networks. It is based on distributed mechanisms for atmospheric sensing, cell-to-satellite matching, and resource allocation (RA) in a 5G Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) wide-area scenario with quasi-Earth fixed cells and a beam hopping mechanism. Results with a multi-layer multi-band constellation with satellites operating in the S- and K-bands demonstrate the benefits of our framework for ISAC-powered multi-band systems, which achieves 73% higher throughput per user when compared to single S- and K-band systems.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 13 sections, 13 equations, 8 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System model
  3. Atmospheric sensing
  4. ISAC-powered framework
  5. Frame structure
  6. Sensing
  7. Sensing feedback
  8. Cell-to-satellite many-to-one matching
  9. Local resource allocation (RA)
  10. Benchmarks
  11. Results
  12. Conclusion
  13. Acknowledgement

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Map with (a) active users and (b) rain intensity in the area of interest.
  • Figure 2: System frame designed for the proposed framework. A frame with $N_T$ frames contains $N_C$ frames for communications, $N_S$ for sensing pilots and $N_\text{FB}$ for priority lists transmission.
  • Figure 3: Attenuation due to rain for K-band satellites as a function of the rain intensity in mm/h for diverse elevation angles $\eta$.
  • Figure 4: Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) for the estimation of the SNR $\hat{\gamma}_{s,c}(k)$, its CRLB, and the rain attenuation $\hat{A}_{s,c}(k)$ for $\eta = 30$ deg and $L_p\in\{256, 1024, 4096\}$ as a function of the rain intensity in mm/h.
  • Figure 5: Per-user throughput for $L_p=256$ symbols and different quotas.
  • ...and 3 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (3)

  • Definition 1
  • Definition 2
  • Definition 3