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A Port-Hamiltonian Modeling Approach for Integrated Hydrogen Systems

Abdullah Shahin, Hannes Gernandt, Anton Plietzsch, Johannes Schiffer

TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified port-Hamiltonian (pH) framework to model integrated hydrogen systems, including pipes, storage, junctions, compressors, electrolyzers, and fuel cells, and interconnects them via graph theory. Component pH models are derived for each unit and then assembled into a sector-coupled hydrogen grid, preserving interconnection structure and passivity. The key contribution is a modular, energy-based representation that yields a passive input-output map for the entire network, enabling structured analysis, control design, and optimization. The work lays a foundation for scalable, interoperable hydrogen-energy systems and outlines future work to relax simplifying assumptions and explicitly couple with the electrical power system.

Abstract

Hydrogen's growing role in the transition towards climate-neutral energy systems necessitates structured modeling frameworks. Existing gas network models, largely developed for natural gas, fail to capture hydrogen systems distinct properties, particularly the coupling of hydrogen pipes with electrolyzers, fuel cells, and electrically driven compressors. In this work, we present a unified systematic port-Hamiltonian (pH) framework for modeling hydrogen systems, which inherently provides a passive input-output map of the overall interconnected system and, thus, a promising foundation for structured analysis, control and optimization of this type of newly emerging energy systems.

A Port-Hamiltonian Modeling Approach for Integrated Hydrogen Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified port-Hamiltonian (pH) framework to model integrated hydrogen systems, including pipes, storage, junctions, compressors, electrolyzers, and fuel cells, and interconnects them via graph theory. Component pH models are derived for each unit and then assembled into a sector-coupled hydrogen grid, preserving interconnection structure and passivity. The key contribution is a modular, energy-based representation that yields a passive input-output map for the entire network, enabling structured analysis, control design, and optimization. The work lays a foundation for scalable, interoperable hydrogen-energy systems and outlines future work to relax simplifying assumptions and explicitly couple with the electrical power system.

Abstract

Hydrogen's growing role in the transition towards climate-neutral energy systems necessitates structured modeling frameworks. Existing gas network models, largely developed for natural gas, fail to capture hydrogen systems distinct properties, particularly the coupling of hydrogen pipes with electrolyzers, fuel cells, and electrically driven compressors. In this work, we present a unified systematic port-Hamiltonian (pH) framework for modeling hydrogen systems, which inherently provides a passive input-output map of the overall interconnected system and, thus, a promising foundation for structured analysis, control and optimization of this type of newly emerging energy systems.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 11 sections, 36 equations, 1 figure.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Port-Hamiltonian systems
  3. Port-Hamiltonian modeling of hydrogen systems
  4. Network topology
  5. Pipe model
  6. Hydrogen storage unit model
  7. Junction model
  8. Compressor unit model
  9. Sector coupling components
  10. Port-Hamiltonian modeling of integrated hydrogen systems
  11. Conclusion

Figures (1)

  • Figure 1: Example hydrogen network topology. The symbols denote the following elements: storage unit $\mathcal{N}_{S}$, junction $\mathcal{N}_{F}$, compressor $\mathcal{N}_{C}$, electrolyzer $\mathcal{N}_{P}$, fuel cell $\mathcal{N}_{P}$. Arrows indicate the volumetric flow rates in pipelines $\mathbf{q}_{1},\mathbf{q}_{2},\mathbf{q}_{3},\mathbf{q}_{4}$, compressors $\mathbf{q}_{5}$ and $\mathbf{q}_{6}$, electrolyzer outlet $\mathbf{q}_{\mathrm{sc},1}$, fuel cells inlet $\mathbf{q}_{\mathrm{sc},2}$ and exogenous volumetric flow rates $\mathbf{q}_{\mathrm{ex},i}$.

Theorems & Definitions (1)

  • Remark 1