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Lips-Jaw and Tongue-Jaw Articulatory Tradeoff in DYNARTmo

Bernd J. Kröger

TL;DR

The paper addresses articulatory tradeoffs between primary and secondary articulators in speech by introducing DYNARTmo, a lightweight, visualization-focused model that uses first-order task-space gesture specifications complemented by a simplified mechanism for distributing effort across articulators. It contrasts with classical task-dynamics by avoiding full second-order biomechanics and instead implementing intra-gesture tradeoffs directly at the articulator level. Simulation results across CV syllables demonstrate realistic lips–jaw and tongue–jaw synergies, including jaw elevation during closures and saturation effects, across different places of articulation and vowel contexts. The work provides a practical tool that supports visualization, teaching, and rapid analysis of articulatory tradeoffs while offering a complement to more elaborate task-dynamic frameworks for broader insights and real-time exploration.

Abstract

This paper investigates how the dynamic articulatory model DYNARTmo accounts for articulatory tradeoffs between primary and secondary articulators, with a focus on lips-jaw and tongue-jaw coordination. While DYNARTmo does not implement full task-dynamic second-order biomechanics, it adopts first-order task-space gesture specifications comparable to those used in articulatory phonology and integrates a simplified mechanism for distributing articulatory effort across multiple articulators. We first outline the conceptual relationship between task dynamics and DYNARTmo, emphasizing the distinction between high-level task-space trajectories and their low-level articulatory execution. We then present simulation results for a set of CV syllables that illustrate how jaw displacement varies as a function of both place of articulation (labial, apical, dorsal) and vowel context (/a/, /i/, /u/). The model reproduces empirically attested patterns of articulatory synergy, including jaw-supported apical closures, lower-lip elevation in bilabial stops, tongue-jaw co-movement, and saturation effects in labial constrictions. These results demonstrate that even with computationally simplified assumptions, DYNARTmo can generate realistic spatio-temporal movement patterns that capture key aspects of articulatory tradeoff and synergy across a range of consonant-vowel combinations.

Lips-Jaw and Tongue-Jaw Articulatory Tradeoff in DYNARTmo

TL;DR

The paper addresses articulatory tradeoffs between primary and secondary articulators in speech by introducing DYNARTmo, a lightweight, visualization-focused model that uses first-order task-space gesture specifications complemented by a simplified mechanism for distributing effort across articulators. It contrasts with classical task-dynamics by avoiding full second-order biomechanics and instead implementing intra-gesture tradeoffs directly at the articulator level. Simulation results across CV syllables demonstrate realistic lips–jaw and tongue–jaw synergies, including jaw elevation during closures and saturation effects, across different places of articulation and vowel contexts. The work provides a practical tool that supports visualization, teaching, and rapid analysis of articulatory tradeoffs while offering a complement to more elaborate task-dynamic frameworks for broader insights and real-time exploration.

Abstract

This paper investigates how the dynamic articulatory model DYNARTmo accounts for articulatory tradeoffs between primary and secondary articulators, with a focus on lips-jaw and tongue-jaw coordination. While DYNARTmo does not implement full task-dynamic second-order biomechanics, it adopts first-order task-space gesture specifications comparable to those used in articulatory phonology and integrates a simplified mechanism for distributing articulatory effort across multiple articulators. We first outline the conceptual relationship between task dynamics and DYNARTmo, emphasizing the distinction between high-level task-space trajectories and their low-level articulatory execution. We then present simulation results for a set of CV syllables that illustrate how jaw displacement varies as a function of both place of articulation (labial, apical, dorsal) and vowel context (/a/, /i/, /u/). The model reproduces empirically attested patterns of articulatory synergy, including jaw-supported apical closures, lower-lip elevation in bilabial stops, tongue-jaw co-movement, and saturation effects in labial constrictions. These results demonstrate that even with computationally simplified assumptions, DYNARTmo can generate realistic spatio-temporal movement patterns that capture key aspects of articulatory tradeoff and synergy across a range of consonant-vowel combinations.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 12 sections, 3 equations, 3 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Task-Dynamics and DYNARTmo
  3. Classical Task Dynamics
  4. Task Space vs. Model-Articulator Space
  5. Task Space:
  6. Model-Articulator Space:
  7. First-Order Task Specifications vs. Second-Order Articulatory Execution
  8. Modeling the Lips-Jaw and Tongue-Jaw Articulatory Tradeoff in DYNARTmo
  9. The Concept and Principles
  10. Simulation Examples
  11. Discussion and Conclusions
  12. Supplementary Material

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: DYNARTmo flesh point locations for upper and lower lip (green, red), tongue tip (orange), tongue dorsum (blue), and the lower jaw (purple) displayed in midsagittal view. Colors of flesh points are identical with colors of flesh point trajectories displayed in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
  • Figure 2: Flesh point trajectories (vertical displacement) and control parameter trajectories (reflecting task space sensorimotor expectations) generated by DYNARTmo for two syllables; top: /pa/; bottom: /ti/.
  • Figure 3: Vertical displacement trajectories of flesh-point for nine CV syllables. Columns: different vowel contexts: /Ca/, /Ci/, /Cu/; Rows: different intitial consonant: /pV/, /tV/, /kV/; blue: tongue dorsum; orange: tongue tip; green: upper lips; red: lower lips; magenta: lower jaw. Time interval is t = 40 msec to t = 160 msec (c.f. Fig. 2)