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Adaptive Lighting Control in Visible Light Systems: An Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Illumination Framework

Xinyan Xie, Xuesong Wang, Xin Lai, Yongheng Wen, Fengrui Yang, Haoyang He, Lai Zhang, Dong Zhao

TL;DR

This work tackles the energy efficiency challenge in indoor VLC-based ISAC by introducing an adaptive ISCI framework that treats energy savings as a primary objective. It leverages a geometry-based partitioning of the space into a high-performance activity area and a surrounding non-activity area, combined with NLOS sensing for real-time localization to switch optimization goals between power minimization and SNR uniformity. The approach yields substantial practical benefits, including $53.59\%$ energy savings, a $57.79\%$ improvement in SNR uniformity, and a mean localization error of $0.071~\mathrm{m}$ while meeting illumination constraints. These results demonstrate a viable path to energy-aware, user-adaptive VLC systems suitable for 6G indoor environments, with potential gains from optimized LED deployment and multi-user extensions.

Abstract

Indoor visible light communication (VLC) is a promising sixth-generation (6G) technology, as its directional and sensitive optical signals are naturally suited for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). However, current research mainly focuses on maximizing data rates and sensing accuracy, creating a conflict between high performance, high energy consumption, and user visual comfort. This paper proposes an adaptive integrated sensing, communication, and illumination (ISCI) framework that resolves this conflict by treating energy savings as a primary objective. The framework's mechanism first partitions the receiving plane using a geometric methodology, defining an activity area and a surrounding non-activity area to match distinct user requirements. User location, determined using non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing, then acts as a dynamic switch for the system's optimization objective. The system adaptively shifts between minimizing total transmit power while guaranteeing communication and illumination performance in the activity area and maximizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) uniformity in the non-activity area. Numerical results confirm that this adaptive ISCI approach achieves 53.59% energy savings over a non-adaptive system and improves SNR uniformity by 57.79%, while satisfying all illumination constraints and maintaining a mean localization error of 0.071 m.

Adaptive Lighting Control in Visible Light Systems: An Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Illumination Framework

TL;DR

This work tackles the energy efficiency challenge in indoor VLC-based ISAC by introducing an adaptive ISCI framework that treats energy savings as a primary objective. It leverages a geometry-based partitioning of the space into a high-performance activity area and a surrounding non-activity area, combined with NLOS sensing for real-time localization to switch optimization goals between power minimization and SNR uniformity. The approach yields substantial practical benefits, including energy savings, a improvement in SNR uniformity, and a mean localization error of while meeting illumination constraints. These results demonstrate a viable path to energy-aware, user-adaptive VLC systems suitable for 6G indoor environments, with potential gains from optimized LED deployment and multi-user extensions.

Abstract

Indoor visible light communication (VLC) is a promising sixth-generation (6G) technology, as its directional and sensitive optical signals are naturally suited for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). However, current research mainly focuses on maximizing data rates and sensing accuracy, creating a conflict between high performance, high energy consumption, and user visual comfort. This paper proposes an adaptive integrated sensing, communication, and illumination (ISCI) framework that resolves this conflict by treating energy savings as a primary objective. The framework's mechanism first partitions the receiving plane using a geometric methodology, defining an activity area and a surrounding non-activity area to match distinct user requirements. User location, determined using non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing, then acts as a dynamic switch for the system's optimization objective. The system adaptively shifts between minimizing total transmit power while guaranteeing communication and illumination performance in the activity area and maximizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) uniformity in the non-activity area. Numerical results confirm that this adaptive ISCI approach achieves 53.59% energy savings over a non-adaptive system and improves SNR uniformity by 57.79%, while satisfying all illumination constraints and maintaining a mean localization error of 0.071 m.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 14 sections, 26 equations, 4 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System model
  3. LOS Channel: Communication and Illumination Models
  4. NLOS Channel: Sensing Models
  5. Geometric Construction Methodology
  6. ISCI Framework: Lighting Control Strategy
  7. No-user Mode
  8. Uniformity Mode
  9. Enhanced Mode
  10. Numerical Results
  11. Validation of Geometrically Defined Regions
  12. Performance of Uniformity and Enhanced Modes
  13. Localization Performance and Overall Energy Savings
  14. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the system and channel model.
  • Figure 2: Distribution of SNR and illuminance. (a) Baseline SNR and (b) illuminance distribution; (c) SNR and (d) illuminance under the uniformity mode; (e) SNR and (f) illuminance under the enhanced mode.
  • Figure 3: Actual and predicted user trajectories.
  • Figure 4: Variation of localization error.

Theorems & Definitions (1)

  • Definition 1: Receiving Plane Definition