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Search for New Physics via Low-Energy Electron Recoils with a 4.2 Tonne\times Year Exposure from the LZ Experiment

D. S. Akerib, A. K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, J. Almquist, C. S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, T. J. Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, A. Baker, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J. W. Bargemann, E. E. Barillier, K. Beattie, T. Benson, A. Bhatti, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, E. Bishop, G. M. Blockinger, B. Boxer, C. A. J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Carter, A. Chawla, H. Chen, Y. T. Chin, N. I. Chott, S. Contreras, M. V. Converse, R. Coronel, A. Cottle, G. Cox, D. Curran, C. E. Dahl, I. Darlington, S. Dave, A. David, J. Delgaudio, S. Dey, L. de Viveiros, L. Di Felice, C. Ding, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S. Dubey, C. L. Dunbar, S. R. Eriksen, A. Fan, N. M. Fearon, N. Fieldhouse, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E. D. Fraser, T. M. A. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Geffre, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, A. Ghosh, R. Gibbons, S. Gokhale, J. Green, M. G. D. van der Grinten, J. J. Haiston, C. R. Hall, T. Hall, E. Hartigan-O'Connor, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. A. Hernandez, S. A. Hertel, G. J. Homenides, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, D. Hunt, E. Jacquet, R. S. James, K. Jenkins, A. C. Kaboth, A. C. Kamaha, M. K. Kannichankandy, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, J. Kim, Y. D. Kim, J. Kingston, D. Kodroff, E. V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Lawes, D. S. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Lin, A. Lindote, W. H. Lippincott, J. Long, M. I. Lopes, W. Lorenzon, C. Lu, S. Luitz, P. A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, R. L. Mannino, C. Maupin, M. E. McCarthy, G. McDowell, D. N. McKinsey, J. McLaughlin, J. B. Mclaughlin, R. McMonigle, B. Mitra, E. Mizrachi, M. E. Monzani, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, M. Murdy, A. St. J. Murphy, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, A. Nguyen, C. L. O'Brien, I. Olcina, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Orpwood, K. Y Oyulmaz, K. J. Palladino, N. J. Pannifer, N. Parveen, S. J. Patton, B. Penning, G. Pereira, E. Perry, T. Pershing, A. Piepke, S. S. Poudel, Y. Qie, J. Reichenbacher, C. A. Rhyne, G. R. C. Rischbieter, E. Ritchey, H. S. Riyat, R. Rosero, T. Rushton, D. Rynders, S. Saltão, D. Santone, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, G. Sehr, B. Shafer, S. Shaw, K. Shi, T. Shutt, C. Silva, G. Sinev, J. Siniscalco, A. M. Slivar, R. Smith, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, A. Stevens, T. J. Sumner, A. Swain, M. Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, Z. Tong, D. R. Tovey, J. Tranter, M. Trask, K. Trengove, M. Tripathi, A. Usón, A. C. Vaitkus, O. Valentino, V. Velan, A. Wang, J. J. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Weeldreyer, T. J. Whitis, M. Williams, K. Wild, L. Wolf, F. L. H. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, C. J. Wright, Q. Xia, J. Xu, Y. Xu, M. Yeh, D. Yeum, W. Zha, H. Zhang, T. Zhang

Abstract

We report results from searches for new physics models via electron recoils using data collected by the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment during its first two science runs, with a total exposure of 4.2 tonne-years. The observed data are consistent with a background-only hypothesis. Constraints are derived for several new physics models that predict electronic recoil signals, including electromagnetic interactions of solar neutrinos, solar axion-like particles (ALPs), mirror dark matter, and the absorption of bosonic dark matter candidates. These results represent the most stringent constraints to date for solar ALPs with keV-scale masses and mirror dark matter, and they are competitive with existing limits for other investigated models.

Search for New Physics via Low-Energy Electron Recoils with a 4.2 Tonne\times Year Exposure from the LZ Experiment

Abstract

We report results from searches for new physics models via electron recoils using data collected by the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment during its first two science runs, with a total exposure of 4.2 tonne-years. The observed data are consistent with a background-only hypothesis. Constraints are derived for several new physics models that predict electronic recoil signals, including electromagnetic interactions of solar neutrinos, solar axion-like particles (ALPs), mirror dark matter, and the absorption of bosonic dark matter candidates. These results represent the most stringent constraints to date for solar ALPs with keV-scale masses and mirror dark matter, and they are competitive with existing limits for other investigated models.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 4 figures, 1 table.

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: The total data selection efficiencies of the 1D ROI (black) and 2D ROI (red), with uncertainties (shaded), in WS2022 and WS2024. The trigger (blue), three-fold coincidence and > 3 phd on S1c (yellow), single scatter reconstruction and data analysis cuts (green) efficiencies are also shown. The 1D ROI exhibits a slower efficiency drop at higher energies, which can be attributed to replacing the upper S1c bound of 80 phd with a requirement of $E_\text{rec} > 20$ keV.
  • Figure 2: LZ WS2022 + 2024 data (black dots) and best fit background-only model (colored histogram) below 20 keV using 1D likelihood. The simulations of two typical signals, solar $\nu$ magnetic moment with $\mu_\nu$ = $\times10^{-11}\mu_B$ (magenta) and $^{57}$Fe solar ALP with $m_a =1 \text{~meV}/c^2, \ g_{ae}g_{aN}^\text{eff}=6.1\times10^{-18}$ (cyan), are also shown for comparison. The 2D fit in WIMP ROI yields a very similar result and can be found in Ref. LZ:2024zvo.
  • Figure 3: The sensitivities and 90 % CL limits on new physics models tested using 1D statistical inference: (a) ABC Solar ALP, (b) $^{57}$Fe solar ALP electron coupling, (c) $^{57}$Fe solar ALP photon coupling, (d) Primakoff solar ALP, (e) ALP DM, and (f) HP DM. Selected constraints from terrestrial experiments LZ:2023pooXENON:2022ltvPandaX:2024cicCAST:2009jdcCUORE:2012ymrCDEX:2019exxEDELWEISS:2018tde and astrophysical observations Ferreira:2022egkAn:2014twaCapozzi:2020cbuVinyoles:2015aba, together with allowed region by two benchmark QCD axion realizations, KSVZ Kim:1979if and DFSZ Dine:1981rt, are also shown for comparison.
  • Figure 4: The sensitivities and 90 % CL limits on the new physics models tested using 2D statistical inference: (g) mirror dark matter, (h) solar neutrino magnetic moment and (i) millicharge. Constraints from terrestrial experiments LUX:2019gwaTEXONO:2009knmBeda:2009kxBorexino:2017fbdXENON:2020rcaXENON:2022ltvXMASS:2020zke and astrophysical observations Corsico:2014mpaViaux:2013lha are also shown.