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Calibration of single-photon cameras using radioluminescent light sources

Radek Machulka, Václav Michálek, Ondřej Haderka, Jan Peřina

TL;DR

This work addresses calibrating the quantum efficiency of single-photon cameras by comparing radioluminescent light sources with absolute SPDC-based calibration, and by proposing transfer calibration using radioluminescent emitters. It analyzes GTLS sources for stable, field-deployable radiometric references and develops a twin-field calibration workflow to initialize a portable standard with broad lab applicability. The SPDC-based method, formalized as $\eta_{\rm i,s} = \langle m_{\rm s} m_{\rm i} \rangle / \langle m_{\rm s,i} \rangle$ and corrected for noise via the joint-pulse distribution $p_{c}(c_{\rm s}, c_{\rm i})$, provides high-precision calibration but is time- and computationally intensive; transferring absolute calibration via a calibrated GTLS offers a practical compromise for widespread use, while luminophore degradation sets a limit on recalibration intervals. The study also notes the potential of machine-learning approaches to reconstruct photon fields and estimate detector parameters, enhancing robustness of calibration workflows in real-world settings.

Abstract

In this paper, we address the calibration of the quantum efficiency of single-photon cameras using radioluminescent light sources. The proposed methods are subsequently compared with absolute calibration techniques based on the detection of correlated photon pairs. Furthermore, we propose a method for transferring absolute calibration using the aforementioned radioluminescent emitters.

Calibration of single-photon cameras using radioluminescent light sources

TL;DR

This work addresses calibrating the quantum efficiency of single-photon cameras by comparing radioluminescent light sources with absolute SPDC-based calibration, and by proposing transfer calibration using radioluminescent emitters. It analyzes GTLS sources for stable, field-deployable radiometric references and develops a twin-field calibration workflow to initialize a portable standard with broad lab applicability. The SPDC-based method, formalized as and corrected for noise via the joint-pulse distribution , provides high-precision calibration but is time- and computationally intensive; transferring absolute calibration via a calibrated GTLS offers a practical compromise for widespread use, while luminophore degradation sets a limit on recalibration intervals. The study also notes the potential of machine-learning approaches to reconstruct photon fields and estimate detector parameters, enhancing robustness of calibration workflows in real-world settings.

Abstract

In this paper, we address the calibration of the quantum efficiency of single-photon cameras using radioluminescent light sources. The proposed methods are subsequently compared with absolute calibration techniques based on the detection of correlated photon pairs. Furthermore, we propose a method for transferring absolute calibration using the aforementioned radioluminescent emitters.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 5 sections, 1 equation, 3 figures.

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Schéma experimentálního uspořádání pro měření fotopulzního rozdělení párových polí (a) včetně typického snímku z kamery obsahujícího jednotlivé detekční události (b) a výsledného sdruženého 2D histogramu získaného z celkového počtu 1,24 $\times 10^6$ snímků. THG: generátor třetí harmonické, HWP: půlvlnná destička, PBS: polarizátor, BBO: $\beta$-BaB$_{2}$O$_{4}$ nelineární krystal, iCCD: intenzifikovaná CCD kamera, $c_{\rm s,i}$: počty signálových, resp. jalových fotoelektronů.
  • Figure 2: Typický akumulovaný snímek z iCCD kamery osvětlené GTLS zdrojem (a) včetně výsledného histogramu šumových a signálových snímků (b).
  • Figure 3: Porovnání detekčních účinností různých jednofotonových kamer (a) včetně poklesu intenzity zářiče za delší časový úsek (b). Plná čára představuje výsledky měření, čárkovaná čára očekávaný pokles odpovídající poločasu rozpadu tritia.