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Model-Based Assessment of__the__Cruising Traffic and Environmental Impact of__Parking Restrictions

Alexandre Nicolas, Nilankur Dutta, Léo Bulckaen

TL;DR

The paper tackles how parking search and parking restrictions influence urban congestion and emissions, particularly in large cities. It introduces a graph-based, category-dependent framework for parking search that supports both numerical simulations and analytical treatment, with explicit forms for transition dynamics and mean-field occupancy, demonstrated on Lyon data. The environmental-impact analysis shows how changes in parking supply affect $T_s$ and $V_p$ through $dT_s/dS$ and $dV_p/dS$, modulated by elasticity $\epsilon_N$ and potential mode shifts, offering a practical tool for policy evaluation. The approach enables rapid, less-intensive assessment of parking interventions and provides a pathway to more realistic, multi-destination extensions.

Abstract

In many large metropolitan areas, cars cruising for parking significantly contribute to congestion and pollution. At the same time, parking restrictions are contemplated to encourage the use of greener transport alternatives. We give a short overview of a versatile modelling framework for parking search, which can be solved by both numerical simulations and theoretical developments, and we illustrate its applicability in Lyon, France. Then, we show how this framework can be leveraged to assess the environmental impact of parking restrictions, weighing the antagonistic effects of the thus-induced excess cruising vs. mode shift.

Model-Based Assessment of__the__Cruising Traffic and Environmental Impact of__Parking Restrictions

TL;DR

The paper tackles how parking search and parking restrictions influence urban congestion and emissions, particularly in large cities. It introduces a graph-based, category-dependent framework for parking search that supports both numerical simulations and analytical treatment, with explicit forms for transition dynamics and mean-field occupancy, demonstrated on Lyon data. The environmental-impact analysis shows how changes in parking supply affect and through and , modulated by elasticity and potential mode shifts, offering a practical tool for policy evaluation. The approach enables rapid, less-intensive assessment of parking interventions and provides a pathway to more realistic, multi-destination extensions.

Abstract

In many large metropolitan areas, cars cruising for parking significantly contribute to congestion and pollution. At the same time, parking restrictions are contemplated to encourage the use of greener transport alternatives. We give a short overview of a versatile modelling framework for parking search, which can be solved by both numerical simulations and theoretical developments, and we illustrate its applicability in Lyon, France. Then, we show how this framework can be leveraged to assess the environmental impact of parking restrictions, weighing the antagonistic effects of the thus-induced excess cruising vs. mode shift.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 4 sections, 4 equations, 2 figures.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. A first case study: On-street Parking in Lyon, France
  3. Modelling Framework
  4. Environmental Impact of Parking Restrictions

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: On-street parking search times in Lyon, France, as declared by respondents to the 2015 survey. (Left) Survival function of search times; vertical cyan and red lines represent the median and mean values, respectively. (Right) Average search time by geographic district. Source of the data: Cerema2015EMD.
  • Figure 2: Mean travel times (driving and cruising) in Lyon: comparison between simulations (in blue) and theory (in pink) for all destinations, irrespective of the entry point, for a global injection rate of 30 cars/min. (Inset) Schematic relation between the search time afforded by the street network and the parking demand, and the effect of a reduction $DS$ in parking supply.