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Revisiting the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy

Jun-Xian Li, Shuang Wang

TL;DR

We address the Hubble tension by evaluating six holographic dark energy (HDE) models—OHDE, GRDE, IHDE1, IHDE2, THDE, BHDE—against DESI DR2 BAO, Planck 2018 distance priors, and SN data. The analysis shows that HDE models with the Hubble-scale IR cutoff fail to relieve the tension, while those employing the future event horizon as IR cutoff can substantially reduce it, bringing it to around 1.7–4.5$\sigma$ depending on the dataset. The results are robust to alternative BAO and SN data, though exact tension levels depend on the data combinations. Overall, horizon-based HDE models are promising candidates for addressing the Hubble tension and warrant further tests with additional cosmological probes.

Abstract

The Hubble tension problem is one of the most significant challenges in modern cosmology. In this paper, we study the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy (HDE). To perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis, we select six representative theoretical models from all four categories of HDE. For the observational data, we adopt the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), a collection of alternative BAO data, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) distance priors from the $Planck$ 2018, the type Ia supernovae (SN) data from the PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5 compilations. We find that HDE models that employ the Hubble scale or its combinations as the IR cutoff cannot alleviate the Hubble tension problem. In contrast, HDE models that employ the future event horizon as the IR cutoff can significantly alleviate the Hubble tension problem. It must be stressed that these two key conclusions hold true for cases of adopting different theoretical HDE models and different observational data. Our findings advocate for further exploration of HDE models using other types of cosmological observations.

Revisiting the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy

TL;DR

We address the Hubble tension by evaluating six holographic dark energy (HDE) models—OHDE, GRDE, IHDE1, IHDE2, THDE, BHDE—against DESI DR2 BAO, Planck 2018 distance priors, and SN data. The analysis shows that HDE models with the Hubble-scale IR cutoff fail to relieve the tension, while those employing the future event horizon as IR cutoff can substantially reduce it, bringing it to around 1.7–4.5 depending on the dataset. The results are robust to alternative BAO and SN data, though exact tension levels depend on the data combinations. Overall, horizon-based HDE models are promising candidates for addressing the Hubble tension and warrant further tests with additional cosmological probes.

Abstract

The Hubble tension problem is one of the most significant challenges in modern cosmology. In this paper, we study the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy (HDE). To perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis, we select six representative theoretical models from all four categories of HDE. For the observational data, we adopt the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2), a collection of alternative BAO data, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) distance priors from the 2018, the type Ia supernovae (SN) data from the PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5 compilations. We find that HDE models that employ the Hubble scale or its combinations as the IR cutoff cannot alleviate the Hubble tension problem. In contrast, HDE models that employ the future event horizon as the IR cutoff can significantly alleviate the Hubble tension problem. It must be stressed that these two key conclusions hold true for cases of adopting different theoretical HDE models and different observational data. Our findings advocate for further exploration of HDE models using other types of cosmological observations.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 21 sections, 49 equations, 10 figures, 8 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Datasets and Methodology
  3. Baryon Acoustic Oscillation
  4. Cosmic Microwave Background
  5. Type Ia Supernovae
  6. Chi-square Statistic
  7. Holographic Dark Energy Models and Cosmology-fits
  8. HDE models with other characteristic length scale
  9. original holographic dark energy (OHDE) model
  10. HDE models with extended Hubble scale
  11. Generalized Ricci dark energy (GRDE) model
  12. HDE models with dark sector interaction
  13. Interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE1) model with Hubble horizon
  14. Interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE2) model with future event horizon
  15. HDE models with modified black hole entropy
  16. ...and 6 more sections

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: One-dimensional posterior distributions and two-dimensional marginalized contours at 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ levels for OHDE model.
  • Figure 2: One-dimensional posterior distributions and two-dimensional marginalized contours at 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ levels for GRDE model
  • Figure 3: One-dimensional posterior distributions and two-dimensional marginalized contours at 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ levels for IHDE1 model
  • Figure 4: One-dimensional posterior distributions and two-dimensional marginalized contours at 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ levels for IHDE2 model
  • Figure 5: One-dimensional posterior distributions and two-dimensional marginalized contours at 1$\sigma$ and 2$\sigma$ levels for THDE model
  • ...and 5 more figures