On a generalisation of Cameron's base size conjecture
Marina Anagnostopoulou-Merkouri
TL;DR
This work establishes a broad generalization of Cameron's base size conjecture by proving that for any finite almost simple group G, the regularity number R_ns(G) satisfies R_ns(G) ≤ 7, with equality if and only if G ≅ M24. The authors develop a unified probabilistic framework based on fixed point ratios and a zeta-type function η_G(t) to certify regularity of k-tuples of core-free subgroups, and they extend the analysis to both classical and exceptional groups. They also derive refined, asymptotically vanishing bounds, showing P(G, c) → 1 for suitable c as |G| grows, and they provide detailed, case-by-case bounds for low-rank classical groups and for exceptional groups via non-parabolic and parabolic action analyses. The results yield deep consequences for base sizes and regularity in a wide range of Lie-type groups, including explicit improvements for classical groups and a complete resolution of the conjecture's broader non-standard-tuple setting. The methods blend probabilistic fixed point ratio estimates, η-function asymptotics, and extensive computational verification to achieve a comprehensive, Lie-type-wide resolution of Cameron-type base size conjectures.
Abstract
Let $G\leqslant {\rm Sym}(Ω)$ be a finite transitive permutation group with point stabiliser $H$. A base for $G$ is a subset of $Ω$ whose pointwise stabiliser is trivial, and the minimal cardinality of a base is called the base size of $G$, denoted by $b(G, Ω)$. Equivalently, $b(G, Ω)$ is the minimal positive integer $k$ such that $G$ has a regular orbit on the Cartesian product $Ω^k$. A well-known conjecture of Cameron from the 1990s asserts that if $G$ is an almost simple primitive group and $H$ is a so-called non-standard subgroup, then $b(G, Ω) \leqslant 7$, with equality if and only if $G$ is the Mathieu group ${\rm M}_{24}$ in its natural action of degree $24$. This conjecture was settled in a series of papers by Burness et al. (2007-11). In this paper, we complete the proof of a natural generalisation of Cameron's conjecture. Our main result states that if $G$ is an almost simple group and $H_1, \ldots, H_k$ are any core-free non-standard maximal subgroups of $G$ with $k \geqslant 7$, then $G$ has a regular orbit on $G/H_1 \times \cdots \times G/H_k$, noting that Cameron's original conjecture corresponds to the special case where the $H_i$ are pairwise conjugate subgroups. In addition, we show that the same conclusion holds with $k \geqslant 6$, unless $G = {\rm M}_{24}$ and each $H_i$ is isomorphic to ${\rm M}_{23}$. For example, this means that if $G$ is a simple exceptional group of Lie type and $H_1, \ldots, H_6$ are proper subgroups of $G$, then there exist elements $g_i \in G$ such that $\bigcap_i H_i^{g_i} = 1$. By applying recent work in a joint paper with Burness, we may assume $G$ is a group of Lie type and our proof uses probabilistic methods based on fixed point ratio estimates.