Automatización de Informes Geotécnicos para Macizos Rocosos con IA

TL;DR

Este trabajo aborda la automatización de informes geotécnicos para macizos rocosos mediante un modelo multimodal de lenguaje (MLLM) que procesa texto e imágenes sin necesidad de reentrenamiento. Emplea una ingeniería de prompts para generar informes completos a partir de datos de campo y fotografías, validándose con métricas $BLEU$ y $ROUGE-L$. La contribución principal es GeoReportIA, una plataforma web gratuita que exporta informes en formatos estandarizados y facilita la estandarización en campo y oficina. Los resultados muestran descripciones comparables a las de expertos y una mejora en la eficiencia, con potencial de extensión a otras disciplinas de geociencias.

Abstract

Geotechnical reports are crucial for assessing the stability of rock formations and ensuring safety in modern engineering. Traditionally, these reports are prepared manually based on field observations using compasses, magnifying glasses, and notebooks. This method is slow, prone to errors, and subjective in its interpretations. To overcome these limitations, the use of artificial intelligence techniques is proposed for the automatic generation of reports through the processing of images and field data. The methodology was based on the collection of photographs of rock outcrops and manual samples with their respective descriptions, as well as on the reports prepared during the Geotechnical Studies course. These resources were used to define the report outline, prompt engineering, and validate the responses of a multimodal large language model (MLLM). The iterative refinement of prompts until structured and specific instructions were obtained for each section of the report proved to be an effective alternative to the costly process of fine-tuning the MLLM. The system evaluation establishes values of 0.455 and 0.653 for the BLEU and ROUGE-L metrics, respectively, suggesting that automatic descriptions are comparable to those made by experts. This tool, accessible via the web, with an intuitive interface and the ability to export to standardized formats, represents an innovation and an important contribution for professionals and students of field geology.

Figures (15)

• Figure 1: Diagrama de flujo de la metodología seguida para la generación automática del informe geotécnico.
• Figure 2: Ejemplo de descripción geológica-geotécnica de campo de una imagen de afloramiento.
• Figure 3: Diagrama de la estructura del conjunto de datos.
• Figure 4: Esquema general de un informe geotécnico de campo para roca.
• Figure 5: Evolución de la complejidad y detalle en la redacción del prompt preliminar.