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Real-Time Interactive Hybrid Ocean: Spectrum-Consistent Wave Particle-FFT Coupling

Shengze Xue, Yu Ren, Jiacheng Hong, Run Ni, Shuangjiu Xiao, Deli Dong

TL;DR

This work tackles the challenge of achieving real-time, large-scale ocean realism with precise local interactivity. It introduces a real-time hybrid ocean that couples a global FFT-based background with localized wave-particle patches driven by a unified directional spectrum, enabling coherent wakes and ripples while preserving far-field spectral statistics. The key innovations are a spectrum-consistent WP-FFT coupling and a GPU-accelerated, frequency-bucketed synthesis scheme that preserves energy density across scales. The approach enables interactive maritime scenes suitable for VR, training, and digital twins, delivering both global spectral realism and detailed near-field dynamics in real time.

Abstract

Fast Fourier Transform-based (FFT) spectral oceans are widely adopted for their efficiency and large-scale realism, but they assume global stationarity and spatial homogeneity, making it difficult to represent non-uniform seas and near-field interactions (e.g., ships and floaters). In contrast, wave particles capture local wakes and ripples, yet are costly to maintain at scale and hard to match global spectral statistics.We present a real-time interactive hybrid ocean: a global FFT background coupled with local wave-particle (WP) patch regions around interactive objects, jointly driven under a unified set of spectral parameters and dispersion. At patch boundaries, particles are injected according to the same directional spectrum as the FFT, aligning the local frequency-direction distribution with the background and matching energy density, without disturbing the far field.Our approach introduces two main innovations: (1) Hybrid ocean representation. We couple a global FFT background with local WP patches under a unified spectrum, achieving large-scale spectral consistency while supporting localized wakes and ripples.(2) Frequency-bucketed implementation. We design a particle sampling and GPU-parallel synthesis scheme based on frequency buckets, which preserves spectral energy consistency and sustains real-time interactive performance.Together, these innovations enable a unified framework that delivers both large-scale spectral realism and fine-grained interactivity in real time.

Real-Time Interactive Hybrid Ocean: Spectrum-Consistent Wave Particle-FFT Coupling

TL;DR

This work tackles the challenge of achieving real-time, large-scale ocean realism with precise local interactivity. It introduces a real-time hybrid ocean that couples a global FFT-based background with localized wave-particle patches driven by a unified directional spectrum, enabling coherent wakes and ripples while preserving far-field spectral statistics. The key innovations are a spectrum-consistent WP-FFT coupling and a GPU-accelerated, frequency-bucketed synthesis scheme that preserves energy density across scales. The approach enables interactive maritime scenes suitable for VR, training, and digital twins, delivering both global spectral realism and detailed near-field dynamics in real time.

Abstract

Fast Fourier Transform-based (FFT) spectral oceans are widely adopted for their efficiency and large-scale realism, but they assume global stationarity and spatial homogeneity, making it difficult to represent non-uniform seas and near-field interactions (e.g., ships and floaters). In contrast, wave particles capture local wakes and ripples, yet are costly to maintain at scale and hard to match global spectral statistics.We present a real-time interactive hybrid ocean: a global FFT background coupled with local wave-particle (WP) patch regions around interactive objects, jointly driven under a unified set of spectral parameters and dispersion. At patch boundaries, particles are injected according to the same directional spectrum as the FFT, aligning the local frequency-direction distribution with the background and matching energy density, without disturbing the far field.Our approach introduces two main innovations: (1) Hybrid ocean representation. We couple a global FFT background with local WP patches under a unified spectrum, achieving large-scale spectral consistency while supporting localized wakes and ripples.(2) Frequency-bucketed implementation. We design a particle sampling and GPU-parallel synthesis scheme based on frequency buckets, which preserves spectral energy consistency and sustains real-time interactive performance.Together, these innovations enable a unified framework that delivers both large-scale spectral realism and fine-grained interactivity in real time.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 26 sections, 19 equations, 5 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Hybrid ocean representation.
  3. Frequency-bucketed implementation.
  4. Previous Work
  5. Wave Simulation Methods
  6. Ocean Modeling Methods
  7. Method
  8. Hybrid Ocean Representation
  9. Spectrum-Based Initialization of Single wave particle
  10. Spectrum-Based Estimation of wave particle Distribution
  11. Implementation
  12. Pipeline Overview
  13. Discretization and Rendering
  14. Bidirectional Interaction
  15. Experiments and Results
  16. ...and 11 more sections

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: Wave height functions of a single wave particle (including the positive-negative pair) and of a wave composed of multiple particles.
  • Figure 2: Representation of the JONSWAP Spectrum and Sampling Strategy
  • Figure 3: Pipeline overview. Green arrows indicate FFT updates, blue arrows indicate wave particle (WP) updates, orange arrows indicate coupling between FFT and WP, and yellow arrows indicate interactions between floating objects and WP patches. Both branches are driven by the same spectrumfrechot2006realistic.
  • Figure 4: Results with different parameters
  • Figure 5: Interactions between Different Objects and Ocean