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Predictions for charged-hadron production in $p$-O collisions at LHC energies

Luca Konrad, Philipp Schulz, Georg Wolschin

TL;DR

This work tackles predictions for charged-hadron production in $p$-$O$ collisions at LHC energies using a nonequilibrium-statistical relativistic diffusion framework. It combines three momentum-space sources—forward fragmentation, central gluon–gluon, and backward fragmentation—anchored to color-glass condensate initial states via $k_T$-factorization and hybrid factorization, with a Fokker–Planck evolution governing partial thermalization of the fragmentation components. The authors provide a fully numerical, incoherent superposition of the three sources to yield rapidity and pseudorapidity distributions across seven centrality classes (and minimum bias), including transport-parameter scaling from $p$-$Pb$ analyses and centrality-dependent gluon-saturation scales. These predictions, once confronted with Run 3 data, will constrain nonperturbative QCD dynamics in asymmetric systems and have potential relevance for cosmic-ray interaction modeling.

Abstract

We present predictions for centrality-dependent charged-hadron production in p-O collisions at top LHC energies based on a nonequilibrium-statistical relativistic diffusion model. Colour-glass condensate initial conditions are used in a three-sources momentum-space model for gluon-gluon, quark-gluon and gluon-quark sources. Our results are to be compared with forthcoming Run3 pseudorapidity distributions for sqrt(s_NN)=9.618 TeV p-O collisions.

Predictions for charged-hadron production in $p$-O collisions at LHC energies

TL;DR

This work tackles predictions for charged-hadron production in - collisions at LHC energies using a nonequilibrium-statistical relativistic diffusion framework. It combines three momentum-space sources—forward fragmentation, central gluon–gluon, and backward fragmentation—anchored to color-glass condensate initial states via -factorization and hybrid factorization, with a Fokker–Planck evolution governing partial thermalization of the fragmentation components. The authors provide a fully numerical, incoherent superposition of the three sources to yield rapidity and pseudorapidity distributions across seven centrality classes (and minimum bias), including transport-parameter scaling from - analyses and centrality-dependent gluon-saturation scales. These predictions, once confronted with Run 3 data, will constrain nonperturbative QCD dynamics in asymmetric systems and have potential relevance for cosmic-ray interaction modeling.

Abstract

We present predictions for centrality-dependent charged-hadron production in p-O collisions at top LHC energies based on a nonequilibrium-statistical relativistic diffusion model. Colour-glass condensate initial conditions are used in a three-sources momentum-space model for gluon-gluon, quark-gluon and gluon-quark sources. Our results are to be compared with forthcoming Run3 pseudorapidity distributions for sqrt(s_NN)=9.618 TeV p-O collisions.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 8 sections, 13 equations, 3 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. CGC initial states
  3. Central source
  4. Fragmentation sources
  5. Relativistic Diffusion Model
  6. Pseudorapidity Distributions
  7. Results
  8. Conclusions

Figures (3)

  • Figure 1: Time evolution of the fragmentation sources in minimum-bias $p$-O collisions at $\sqrt{s_\text{NN}}=9.618$ TeV. The outermost distributions correspond to the color-glass condensate states at the end of stopping, which is taken as the beginning of the diffusion (partial thermalization) process. The innermost distributions with the largest widths are the charged-hadron distributions at the interaction (freezeout) time. Eight equally spaced timesteps are displayed. The distributions in the forward direction (purple) correspond to the $p$-going fragmentation source, and those in the backward direction (green) to the O-going fragmentation source.
  • Figure 2: Calculated minimum-bias pseudorapidity distributions of produced charged hadrons (solid curve) in $p$-O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=9.618$ TeV. The dashed curve shows charged hadrons (pions, kaons, protons, and their antiparticles) from the central gluon-gluon source, the dotted curves are the ones from the respective forward- and backward-going fragmentation sources.
  • Figure 3: Calculated pseudorapidity distributions of produced charged hadrons, solid curves) in $p$-O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=9.618$ TeV for seven centrality classes and minimum bias (0-100%). The dashed curves show charged hadrons (pions, kaons, protons, and their antiparticles) from the central gluon-gluon source, the dotted curves are the ones from the respective forward- and backward-going fragmentation sources.