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TES Proton Irradiation Result Analysis for Future Space Applications

A. Besnard, V. Sauvage, S. L. Stever, B. Maffei, P. dal Bo, T. Lari, M. de Lucia, A. Tartari, G. Signorelli, J. Hubmayr, G. Jaehnig

TL;DR

This work addresses the susceptibility of ultra-sensitive TES detectors to cosmic-ray hits in future space missions. It leverages the DRACuLA cryogenic irradiation facility coupled to a particle accelerator to irradiate LiteBIRD HFT TES prototypes and characterize resulting glitches. The study identifies three glitch morphologies corresponding to distinct hit zones, and develops a dual-contribution glitch model combined with MCMC fitting and FFT-based denoising to accurately extract the thermal time constant $\tau_\textrm{th}$ (notably $\tau_\textrm{th} \approx 584\,\mu\text{s}$ for 18 MeV protons), enabling improved glitch removal. These results inform detector design and data cleaning strategies for LiteBIRD and other future CMB missions, and outline plans for automation and full focal-plane irradiation campaigns.

Abstract

As observed on the signal of the Planck-HFI highly sensitive bolometers, the effect of cosmic rays on detectors is a major concern for future similar space missions. Their instruments will have a larger detection surface, increased sensitivity, and more stringent requirements on the suppression of systematic effects. To study the impact of cosmic rays on detector prototypes in operational conditions, IAS has designed a state-of-the-art cryogenic system to irradiate particles by coupling this facility to particle accelerators. An irradiation campaign has been carried out on LiteBIRD-HFT TES prototypes to study their response to particle hits. In this article, we present the results and the analysis of this first test campaign.

TES Proton Irradiation Result Analysis for Future Space Applications

TL;DR

This work addresses the susceptibility of ultra-sensitive TES detectors to cosmic-ray hits in future space missions. It leverages the DRACuLA cryogenic irradiation facility coupled to a particle accelerator to irradiate LiteBIRD HFT TES prototypes and characterize resulting glitches. The study identifies three glitch morphologies corresponding to distinct hit zones, and develops a dual-contribution glitch model combined with MCMC fitting and FFT-based denoising to accurately extract the thermal time constant (notably for 18 MeV protons), enabling improved glitch removal. These results inform detector design and data cleaning strategies for LiteBIRD and other future CMB missions, and outline plans for automation and full focal-plane irradiation campaigns.

Abstract

As observed on the signal of the Planck-HFI highly sensitive bolometers, the effect of cosmic rays on detectors is a major concern for future similar space missions. Their instruments will have a larger detection surface, increased sensitivity, and more stringent requirements on the suppression of systematic effects. To study the impact of cosmic rays on detector prototypes in operational conditions, IAS has designed a state-of-the-art cryogenic system to irradiate particles by coupling this facility to particle accelerators. An irradiation campaign has been carried out on LiteBIRD-HFT TES prototypes to study their response to particle hits. In this article, we present the results and the analysis of this first test campaign.
Paper Structure (8 sections, 1 equation, 10 figures, 2 tables)

This paper contains 8 sections, 1 equation, 10 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Presentation of the experimental setup
  3. Cryogenic facility
  4. TES under test
  5. Detector test set-up
  6. Analysis
  7. Relationship between pulse shape and heat deposition location
  8. Pulse shape fitting procedure

Figures (10)

  • Figure 1: Output signals from three bolometric detectors from the Planck HFI catalano_characterization_2014. Top: 143 GHz channel showing the CMB dipole and the Galactic center. Middle: 545 GHz channel mainly detecting the Galactic center. Bottom: blind bolometer output. Each bolometer is affected by numerous glitches.
  • Figure 2: NIST HFT pixel prototype: a planar OMT split the incoming EM radiation into two linear polarizations before bringing the signal to filters and to the four TESs through transmission lines
  • Figure 3: View of devices under test within the DRACuLA cryogenic facility.
  • Figure 4: Close-up view of the detector under test mounted in parallel with the R$_\textrm{bias}$ and bounded with Al wires to the PCB, ensuring the connexion to the SQUID. The final assembly is placed on the holder and equipped with two heaters (blue) and three thermometers (orange)
  • Figure 5: The different shapes identified in the data as (a) fast glitch, (b) saturated glitch, (c) smooth glitch
  • ...and 5 more figures