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Harmonic Cancellation in Multi-Electrolyzer P2H Plants via Phasor-Modulated Production Scheduling

Yangjun Zeng, Yiwei Qiu, Li Jiang, Jie Zhu, Yi Zhou, Jiarong Li, Shi Chen, Buxiang Zhou

TL;DR

The paper tackles harmonic distortion from thyristor-rectified electrolyzers in multi-ELZ P2H plants by developing a harmonic model and revealing a self-governing cancellation mechanism via phasor modulation across units. It then integrates a feasible-region, system-level mitigation strategy into plant scheduling to enforce grid-code limits while maintaining hydrogen output. Case studies in 2-ELZ and 20-ELZ configurations demonstrate 21.2%–39.7% reductions in harmonic currents with minimal losses in revenue and hydrogen production, and up to 28% higher revenue relative to a baseline under similar harmonic constraints. The findings support scalable, grid-compliant deployment of large-scale ReP2H using coordinated TR-powered ELZs and phasor-based coordination.

Abstract

Thyristor rectifiers (TRs) are cost-effective power supplies for hydrogen electrolyzers (ELZs) but introduce harmonic distortion that may violate grid codes. This letter proposes a self-governing harmonic mitigation strategy through coordinated operation of multiple ELZs in large power-to-hydrogen (P2H) plants. First, the harmonic model of TR-powered ELZs is derived, revealing a natural harmonic cancellation mechanism among them. Based on this, a system-level operation scheme based on phasor modulation is developed and integrated into plant scheduling. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method reduces harmonic currents by 21.2%-39.7% and ensures grid-code compliance, with only a 0.25% loss in hydrogen output, while increasing total revenue by over 21\% compared to production-oriented strategies.

Harmonic Cancellation in Multi-Electrolyzer P2H Plants via Phasor-Modulated Production Scheduling

TL;DR

The paper tackles harmonic distortion from thyristor-rectified electrolyzers in multi-ELZ P2H plants by developing a harmonic model and revealing a self-governing cancellation mechanism via phasor modulation across units. It then integrates a feasible-region, system-level mitigation strategy into plant scheduling to enforce grid-code limits while maintaining hydrogen output. Case studies in 2-ELZ and 20-ELZ configurations demonstrate 21.2%–39.7% reductions in harmonic currents with minimal losses in revenue and hydrogen production, and up to 28% higher revenue relative to a baseline under similar harmonic constraints. The findings support scalable, grid-compliant deployment of large-scale ReP2H using coordinated TR-powered ELZs and phasor-based coordination.

Abstract

Thyristor rectifiers (TRs) are cost-effective power supplies for hydrogen electrolyzers (ELZs) but introduce harmonic distortion that may violate grid codes. This letter proposes a self-governing harmonic mitigation strategy through coordinated operation of multiple ELZs in large power-to-hydrogen (P2H) plants. First, the harmonic model of TR-powered ELZs is derived, revealing a natural harmonic cancellation mechanism among them. Based on this, a system-level operation scheme based on phasor modulation is developed and integrated into plant scheduling. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method reduces harmonic currents by 21.2%-39.7% and ensures grid-code compliance, with only a 0.25% loss in hydrogen output, while increasing total revenue by over 21\% compared to production-oriented strategies.
Paper Structure (8 sections, 4 equations, 6 figures, 3 tables)

This paper contains 8 sections, 4 equations, 6 figures, 3 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Harmonic Model and Mitigation Strategy
  3. Harmonic Model of TR-Powered ELZs
  4. Harmonic Cancellation Mechanism of Multiple ELZs
  5. Operational Principle for Harmonic Mitigation
  6. Integration into Plant Scheduling
  7. Case Studies
  8. Conclusions

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: Schematic of the ReP2H system with TR-powered ELZs.
  • Figure 2: (a) Theoretical 24-step rectangular AC current waveform of the 24-TR. (b) The AC current waveform during commutation.
  • Figure 3: (a) $\alpha$ and $\gamma$, and (b) harmonic $\textbf{I}_\text{23rd}$ at different electrolytic currents $I$.
  • Figure 4: Harmonic current phasors as the electrolytic load current $I$ varies from 2 to 7 kA. (a) 23rd harmonic current. (b) 47th harmonic current.
  • Figure 5: Amplitudes of the harmonic current of two ELZs. (a) 23rd harmonic current. (b) 47th harmonics current.
  • ...and 1 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (1)

  • Remark 1