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Integrated Localization, Mapping, and Communication through VCSEL-Based Light-emitting RIS (LeRIS)

Rashid Iqbal, Dimitrios Bozanis, Dimitrios Tyrovolas, Christos K. Liaskos, Muhammad Ali Imran, George K. Karagiannidis, Hanaa Abumarshoud

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of achieving accurate user localization, environmental mapping, and robust mmWave communication in programmable wireless environments. It proposes a VCSEL-based LeRIS architecture that uses narrow Gaussian beams and multimode diversity to provide structured optical anchors for localization and sensing, while enabling cascaded RIS-assisted mmWave routing. The key contributions include closed-form joint localization of position and orientation using five VCSELs (three with dual-mode operation to reduce the sensor count), a VCSEL-based mapping approach using reflected signals for obstruction detection, and a TDMA-based max-min fairness framework for multi-user communication with blockage-aware route selection. Results show millimeter-level localization accuracy, reliable obstacle detection, and significant spectral efficiency gains, demonstrating that VCSEL-based LeRIS can be a scalable and integrable platform for resilient 6G PWEs.

Abstract

This paper presents a light-emitting reconfigurable intelligent surface (LeRIS) architecture that integrates vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to jointly support user localization, obstacle-aware mapping, and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication in programmable wireless environments (PWEs). Unlike prior light-emitting diode (LED)-based LeRIS designs with diffuse emission or LiDAR-assisted schemes requiring bulky sensing modules, the proposed VCSEL-based approach exploits narrow Gaussian beams and multimode diversity to enable compact, low-power, and analytically tractable integration. We derive closed-form expressions to jointly recover user position and orientation from received signal strength using only five VCSELs, and reduce this requirement to three under specific geometric conditions by leveraging dual-mode operation. In parallel, we introduce a VCSEL-based mapping method that uses reflected signal time-of-arrival measurements to detect obstructions and guide blockage-resilient RIS beam routing. Simulation results demonstrate millimeter-level localization accuracy, robust obstacle detection, high spectral efficiency, and substantial gains in minimum user rate. These findings establish VCSEL-based LeRIS as a scalable and practically integrable enabler for resilient 6G wireless systems with multi-functional PWEs.

Integrated Localization, Mapping, and Communication through VCSEL-Based Light-emitting RIS (LeRIS)

TL;DR

This work addresses the challenge of achieving accurate user localization, environmental mapping, and robust mmWave communication in programmable wireless environments. It proposes a VCSEL-based LeRIS architecture that uses narrow Gaussian beams and multimode diversity to provide structured optical anchors for localization and sensing, while enabling cascaded RIS-assisted mmWave routing. The key contributions include closed-form joint localization of position and orientation using five VCSELs (three with dual-mode operation to reduce the sensor count), a VCSEL-based mapping approach using reflected signals for obstruction detection, and a TDMA-based max-min fairness framework for multi-user communication with blockage-aware route selection. Results show millimeter-level localization accuracy, reliable obstacle detection, and significant spectral efficiency gains, demonstrating that VCSEL-based LeRIS can be a scalable and integrable platform for resilient 6G PWEs.

Abstract

This paper presents a light-emitting reconfigurable intelligent surface (LeRIS) architecture that integrates vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to jointly support user localization, obstacle-aware mapping, and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication in programmable wireless environments (PWEs). Unlike prior light-emitting diode (LED)-based LeRIS designs with diffuse emission or LiDAR-assisted schemes requiring bulky sensing modules, the proposed VCSEL-based approach exploits narrow Gaussian beams and multimode diversity to enable compact, low-power, and analytically tractable integration. We derive closed-form expressions to jointly recover user position and orientation from received signal strength using only five VCSELs, and reduce this requirement to three under specific geometric conditions by leveraging dual-mode operation. In parallel, we introduce a VCSEL-based mapping method that uses reflected signal time-of-arrival measurements to detect obstructions and guide blockage-resilient RIS beam routing. Simulation results demonstrate millimeter-level localization accuracy, robust obstacle detection, high spectral efficiency, and substantial gains in minimum user rate. These findings establish VCSEL-based LeRIS as a scalable and practically integrable enabler for resilient 6G wireless systems with multi-functional PWEs.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 14 sections, 4 theorems, 50 equations, 8 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Literature Review
  3. Motivation & Contribution
  4. Structure of Paper
  5. System Model
  6. VCSELs Channel Modeling
  7. MmWave Channel Modelling
  8. Localization, Mapping and Communication through VCSEL-based LeRIS
  9. VCSEL-based Localization
  10. VCSEL-based Mapping
  11. LeRIS-based Communication for Multiple UEs
  12. Simulation Results
  13. Conclusion
  14. Levenberg–Marquardt Method for Localization Through VCSELs

Key Result

Lemma 1

The position and the orientation of the UE can be uniquely acquired from 5 VCSELs if the RSS from the VCSELs within the PD FoV is described by $P_i = \beta_i(d_i)\,(\mathbf{n}\cdot \mathbf{u}_i)$, where $i=1,\dots,5$, $\mathbf{s}_i\in\mathbb{R}^3$ denotes the position of the $i$-th VCSEL, $\mathbf{r

Figures (8)

  • Figure 1: Programmable wireless environment with VCSEL-based LeRIS panels.
  • Figure 2: Overview of the proposed PWE operation cycle.
  • Figure 3: VCSEL coverage from multiple LeRISs
  • Figure 4: a) UE orientation, b) Localization error $\Delta d_{i,k}$ vs. $\phi_{\mathrm{UE}}$ for different $L$.
  • Figure 5: $R_k$ versus $\gamma_t$ for various numbers of participating LeRIS panels.
  • ...and 3 more figures

Theorems & Definitions (7)

  • Lemma 1
  • Remark 1
  • Proposition 1
  • Remark 2
  • Remark 3
  • Proposition 2
  • Proposition 3