Charged scalar bosons under rotation and acceleration

TL;DR

This paper investigates the vacuum instability of charged spinless bosons in rotating frames under static electromagnetic fields, focusing on a flux-tube embedded in a rotating cylinder and extending to frames with local acceleration. It develops the Klein-Gordon framework in both resting and local-flat frames, showing their equivalence under consistent gauge choices, and derives spectra and critical rotation thresholds that govern vortex-condensate formation. The results reveal that rotation can induce vortex states even at vanishing external fields in certain limits, with acceleration and frame choice shifting the instability boundaries, and that self-interaction or matter coupling can stabilize the system. The findings have potential implications for heavy-ion collision dynamics, where strong rotation, magnetic fields, and deceleration may cooperatively promote giant pion vortex states with observable consequences.

Abstract

Creation of charged spinless bosons from vacuum in the rigidly rotating frame is studied in presence of the external static electromagnetic fields, being formed either in the resting, or in the general rotating or in the local-flat frames. It is shown that the description remains the same in the resting and the local-flat frames. More specifically, the case of a solenoid (magnetic flux tube) embedded into the rotating empty cylinder (rotation frame) is studied in presence or absence of a static square electric potential well $eA_0$. A supervortex of a spinless-boson field can be created from vacuum when the rotation frequency exceeds a critical value $Ω_c$. It is shown that $Ω_c$ is smaller provided the solenoid rests in the resting frame. Then the case is considered when the rotating frame additionally moves with acceleration $\vec{w}(\vec{r})\neq 0$. A specific case $w(r)=G/r$ for $G=const$ is treated explicitly. It is shown that for $G<0$ the charged spinless-boson vortex can be created in rapidly rotating system even in the limit when the magnetic and electric fields tend to zero.