Behavior of The Extremal Bounds on the $σ$-Irregularity

Jasem Hamoud; Duaa Abdullah

Paper

Behavior of The Extremal Bounds on the $σ$-Irregularity

Abstract

In this paper, we establishe the extremal bounds of the topological indices -- Sigma index -- focusing on analyzing the sharp upper bounds and the lower bounds of the Sigma index, which is known

. We establish precise lower and upper bounds for the Sigma index, leveraging a non-increasing degree sequence

, A fundamental challenge in the study of topological indices lies in establishing precise bounds, as such findings illuminate intrinsic relationships among diverse indices.