Advancing the Concept Maturity Level of the Servicing Architecture for Habitable Worlds Observer

TL;DR

The paper reframes the Habitable Worlds Observatory servicing architecture within the Space 3.0 (Neo-Space) paradigm, arguing that advancing from CML 2 to CML 3 requires a structured trade-space analysis of new attributes such as SAL, AI/ML, advanced comms, and large-launcher options. By outlining the Space Ages framework and detailing how Space 3.0 elements could mitigate flagship design challenges, it provides a concrete path to integrate modern servicing concepts into HWO design and program planning. The authors advocate a trade-space approach to guide decisions on what to service, how to service it, and where new technologies can reduce cost, schedule, or risk, while cautioning against over-insurance and the persistent challenge of achieving ultra-stability. The work highlights the practical significance of incorporating Space 3.0 capabilities now to enable earlier mission confirmation and cost-effective development for HWO, with a clear call for architecture studies that reflect the evolving space economy.

Abstract

This paper advances the concept maturity level (CML) of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) servicing architecture. Since servicing has occurred on other missions, this paper argues that the current CML is 2. To advance to CML 3, option spaces must be established for trade studies. We introduce the three space ages and the argument that we are on the cusp of a new revolutionary era. Servicing is only part of that coming change and the other elements of the future space age are introduced. The challenge of designing a flagship mission such as HWO is discussed. The value proposition for the adoption of a new technology, such as servicing HWO, is established. In the latter portion of the paper it is shown that these elements have promise of being beneficial to HWO and should be included in any trade space.