$^{171}$Yb Reference Data

TL;DR

This reference consolidates experimental and theoretical data for ${^171}\text{Yb}$, spanning energy levels, hyperfine and Zeeman structure, transition properties, and light-m field interactions. It defines rigorous methods for combining disparate measurements, including center-of-gravity centroids and Birge-ratio-based uncertainty scaling, and delivers practical formulas for converting frequencies, computing Rabi frequencies, and predicting light shifts. The work provides comprehensive data tables and actionable parameters for blue/green MOTs, clock transitions, and optical trapping, including magic and tune-out wavelengths, to support precision metrology and quantum simulation with ${^171}\text{Yb}$. By offering detailed models of state mixing, magnetic-field responses, and polarizabilities, the paper enhances reproducibility and enables accurate planning of experiments in quantum optics and atomic clocks across isotopes.

Abstract

Ytterbium-171 is a versatile atomic species often used in quantum optics, precision metrology, and quantum computing. Consolidated atomic data is essential for the planning, execution, and evaluation of experiments. In this reference, we present physical and optical properties of neutral $^{171}$Yb relevant to these applications. We emphasize experimental results and supplement these with theoretical estimates. We present equations to convert values and derive important parameters. Tabulated results include key parameters for commonly used transitions in $^{171}$Yb (${}^1\mathrm{S}_0\rightarrow{}^1\mathrm{P}_1$, ${}^1\mathrm{S}_0\rightarrow{}^3\mathrm{P}_{0,1,2}\,$, ${}^3\mathrm{P}_{0,2}\rightarrow{}^3\mathrm{S}_1$, and ${}^3\mathrm{P}_0\rightarrow{}^3\mathrm{D}_1$). This dataset serves as an up-to-date reference for studies involving fermionic $^{171}$Yb.

Figures (8)

• Figure 1: Vapor pressure of ytterbium as a function of temperature, calculated using \ref{['eq:vapor_pressure']}.
• Figure 2: Data of the transitions discussed in this reference. tab:blue_MOTtab:magnetic_clock_repumper list the frequencies, wavelengths, energies, linewidths, and branching ratios of the transitions as well as the lifetime of the states with the corresponding references. The Zeeman splittings between adjacent magnetic sublevels can be found in \ref{['tab:zeeman_and_hyperfine']}.
• Figure 3: Neutral Yb I energy level diagram with selected optical transitions. Level energies and transition wavelengths are taken from the NIST Atomic Spectra Database NIST_ASD. The dashed gray line shows the ionization energy. The 'Other' column summarizes all other levels that include, e.g., an inner-shell excited electron.
• Figure 4: Polarizability of ${^1\text{S}_{0}}$ and ${^3\text{P}_{0}}$ states calculated using the semi-empirical model discussed in Refs. Hohn_State-dependent_2023Hohn_State-dependent_2024. Note the nonlinearity of the wavelength axis. At short wavelengths, as indicated by the gray shaded area, the accuracy of the semi-empirical model starts to break down.
• Figure 5: Dipole matrix elements for $\ket{{^1\text{S}_{0}}, F, m_F} \rightarrow \ket{{^3\text{P}_{1}}, F', m_{F'}}$ and $\ket{{^1\text{S}_{0}}, F, m_F} \rightarrow \ket{{^1\text{P}_{1}}, F', m_{F'}}$ transitions as multiples of the reduced matrix element $\braket{J \| e \vec{r} \| J'}_R$ .