Analysis of quantities determining the critical inverse temperature in the annealed Potts model with Pareto vertex weights
A. J. E. M. Janssen
TL;DR
The paper analyzes the critical inverse temperature in the annealed $q$-state Potts model on sparse rank-1 graphs with Pareto vertex weights, focusing on the quantities $t_c$, $t_c'$, and $t_c''$ defined as zeros of a key $\mathcal{K}$-function and its derivatives. It provides explicit integral representations sharing a common $D(t)$ term, derives rigorous simple and sharpened bounds for these zeros, and establishes their ordering $0<t_c''<t_c'<t_c<\infty$. The study further derives large-$q$ asymptotics, characterizes the $q\downarrow 2$ and homogeneous limit behaviors, and connects the zeros to the critical temperature $\beta_c$ via $\gamma_c=\exp(\beta_c)-1= t_c/\mathcal{F}_0(t_c)$. These results yield precise insights into phase-transition phenomena and quantify how Pareto tail index $\tau$ shapes the critical parameters across different regimes.
Abstract
We consider in this work the crucial quantity $t_c$ that determines the critical inverse temperature $β_c$ in the $q$-state Potts model on sparse rank-1 random graphs where the vertices are equipped with a Pareto weight density $(τ-1)\,w^{-τ}\,{\cal X}_{[1,\infty)}(w)$. It is shown in \cite{ref1} that this $t_c$ is the unique positive zero of a function ${\cal K}$ that is obtained by an appropriate combination of the stationarity condition and the criticality condition for the case the external field $B$ equals 0 and that $q\geq3$ and $τ\geq4$, see \cite{ref1}, Theorem~1.14 and Theorem ~1.21 and their proofs in \cite{ref1}, Section~7.1 and Section~7.3. From the proof of \cite{ref1}, Theorem~1.14, it is seen that ${\cal K}'$ and ${\cal K}''$ also have a unique positive zero, $t_c'$ and $t_c''$, respectively, and $t_c'=t_b$ and $t_c''=t_{\ast}$, where $t_b$ and $t_{\ast}$ are the unique positive zeros of ${\cal F}_0(t)-t\,{\cal F}_0'(t)$ and ${\cal F}_0''(t)$, respectively. Here, ${\cal F}_0(t)=E\,[W(e^{tW}-1)/(E\,[W]\,(e^{tW}+q-1))]$, and $t_c$, $t_b$ and $t_{\ast}$ play a key role in the graphical analysis of \cite{ref1}, Section~5.1 and Figure~1. Furthermore, $γ_c=\exp(β_c)-1$ and $t_c$ are related according to $γ_c=t_c/{\cal F}_0(t_c)$. We analyse $t_c$, $t_c'$ and $t_c''$ for general real $τ\geq4$ and general real $q>2$ by an appropriate formulation of their defining equations ${\cal K}(t_c)={\cal K}'(t_c')={\cal K}''(t_c'')=0$. Thus we find, along with the inequality $0<t_c''<t_c'<t_c<\infty$, the simple upper bounds $t_c<2\,{\rm ln}(q-1)$, $t_c'<\frac32\,{\rm ln}(q-1)$, $t_c''<{\rm ln}(q-1)$, as well as certain sharpenings of these simple bounds and counterparts about the large-$q$ behaviour of $t_c$, $t_c$ and $t_c''$. We show that these bounds are sharp in the sense that they hold with equality for the limiting homogeneous case $τ\to\infty$.