Theoretical Foundations of the General Standard Model: A Unified Framework for Particle Physics and Cosmology

TL;DR

The paper develops the General Standard Model (GSM) within Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT) to unify particle physics with cosmology. It introduces a novel spin–gauge framework based on the extended symmetry $WS_c(1,3)\times SG(1)$ and a bi-frame, gravigauge spacetime, treating gravity as a gauge interaction and predicting new forces, a non‑commutative intrinsic geometry, and a dark sector including a stable dark graviton. The GSM yields gravitization constraints and general gravitational equations, along with a zero energy–momentum tensor theorem arising from translational invariance in Minkowski space. It also provides a detailed cosmological sector where inflaton dynamics and a dark cosmino explain primordial inflation and dynamical dark energy, respectively. The work offers a coherent, first‑principles route to a unified description of all interactions and cosmic evolution, with concrete phenomenological predictions such as new gravitational wave polarizations and dark‑matter candidates that could be tested by future experiments and observations.

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the General Standard Model (GSM), a recently proposed framework that unifies particle physics and cosmology within the Gravitational Quantum Field Theory (GQFT). Constructed from first principles based exclusively on the intrinsic properties of leptons and quarks, the GSM reveals an enlarged gauge symmetry structure, WS$_{c}$(1,3)$\times$GS(1)$\times$Z$_2$, which extends beyond the conventional U$_Y$(1)$\times$SU$_L$(2)$\times$SU$_C$(3) symmetry of the Standard Model. Here, WS$_{c}$(1,3) = SP(1,3)$\rtimes$W$^{1,3}\rtimes$SP$_c$(1,1) emerges as the conformal inhomogeneous spin gauge symmetry. Within GQFT, the GSM provides a consistent unification of the Standard Model of particle physics with cosmological models. It incorporates the four known fundamental interactions, electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitational, plus the Higgs scalar interaction, and also predicts novel interactions. These include spin gauge, chirality boost-spin gauge, chiral conformal-spin gauge, and scaling gauge forces, as well as additional scalar interactions. Furthermore, the GSM offers profound insights into the nature of gravity and spacetime and elucidates key mysteries of the dark side of the universe, such as the origins of dark matter, the dynamics of dark energy, and the physics of the early inflationary epoch. By establishing a new theoretical bridge between quantum field theory and general relativity, the GSM opens novel pathways for addressing long-standing challenges in fundamental physics. It provides a unified description of both fundamental interactions and cosmic evolution.