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Carpet-3 300 TeV Photon Event as an Evidence for Lorentz Violation

Hanlin Song, Bo-Qiang Ma

TL;DR

The paper addresses the tension between ultra-high-energy photon detections from GRB 221009A and conventional EBL attenuation predictions by testing Lorentz invariance violation (LV) as a propagation mechanism. It adopts a time-delay framework with an intrinsic emission model, using $n=1$, $s_1=+1$, and a Bayesian, Gaussian-noise inference via bilby to extract the LV energy scale $E_{ m LV}$. Across datasets that combine GeV to TeV photons, the analysis yields a consistent LV energy scale of $E_{ m LV} \approx 3\times 10^{17}$ GeV, with robust estimates of the LV parameter $a_{\rm LV}$, intrinsic delay coefficient $\alpha$, and intrinsic delay moments. The results support LV phenomenology at Planck-like scales and establish GRB 221009A and the Carpet-3 300 TeV photon as a pivotal laboratory for quantum spacetime phenomenology and multi-messenger tests of high-energy physics.

Abstract

The detection by the Carpet-3 Group of a 300 TeV photon, observed 4536 seconds after the prompt emission of the historic gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, provides unprecedented opportunities to test Lorentz invariance violation (LV) at energy scales approaching the Planck regime. By analyzing the temporal and spatial properties of this ultra-high-energy photon in conjunction with lower-energy photons from other bursts and the same burst, we demonstrate consistency with subluminal LV scenarios characterized by an energy scale \( E_{\rm LV} \sim 3 \times 10^{17} \, \rm{GeV} \). This work bridges multi-year LV studies using GeV-TeV photons and establishes GRB 221009A as a pivotal laboratory for quantum spacetime phenomenology.

Carpet-3 300 TeV Photon Event as an Evidence for Lorentz Violation

TL;DR

The paper addresses the tension between ultra-high-energy photon detections from GRB 221009A and conventional EBL attenuation predictions by testing Lorentz invariance violation (LV) as a propagation mechanism. It adopts a time-delay framework with an intrinsic emission model, using , , and a Bayesian, Gaussian-noise inference via bilby to extract the LV energy scale . Across datasets that combine GeV to TeV photons, the analysis yields a consistent LV energy scale of GeV, with robust estimates of the LV parameter , intrinsic delay coefficient , and intrinsic delay moments. The results support LV phenomenology at Planck-like scales and establish GRB 221009A and the Carpet-3 300 TeV photon as a pivotal laboratory for quantum spacetime phenomenology and multi-messenger tests of high-energy physics.

Abstract

The detection by the Carpet-3 Group of a 300 TeV photon, observed 4536 seconds after the prompt emission of the historic gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, provides unprecedented opportunities to test Lorentz invariance violation (LV) at energy scales approaching the Planck regime. By analyzing the temporal and spatial properties of this ultra-high-energy photon in conjunction with lower-energy photons from other bursts and the same burst, we demonstrate consistency with subluminal LV scenarios characterized by an energy scale . This work bridges multi-year LV studies using GeV-TeV photons and establishes GRB 221009A as a pivotal laboratory for quantum spacetime phenomenology.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 4 sections, 9 equations, 2 figures, 1 table.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Time delay models and parameter estimation methods
  3. Results
  4. Conclusion

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Left panel shows the re-run results for analyzing 14 FGST photons in Ref. Song:2024and, while the left panel shows the results for analyzing 14 FGST photons together with the new Carpet-3 photon. The 2D contours represent with different credible intervals, denoting the 1$\sigma$, 2$\sigma$, and 3$\sigma$ regions, while the vertical lines indicate the 1$\sigma$ region for the 1D marginalized posterior distribution.
  • Figure 2: Same as Fig. \ref{['14_photons']}, but for the 14 FGST photons and the three remarkable photons song_and_ma_ApJ, including the 99.3 GeV photon of GRB 221009A observed by FGST Lesage:2023vvjZhu:2022usw, the 1.07 TeV photon of GRB 190114C observed by the MAGIC MAGIC:2019lauMAGIC:2020egb, and the 12.2 TeV photon of GRB 221009A observed by the LHAASO LHAASO:2023lkv.