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Resource Allocation for Multi-waveguide Pinching Antenna-assisted Broadcast Networks

Ruotong Zhao, Shaokang Hu, Deepak Mishra, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

TL;DR

The paper tackles resource allocation for multi-waveguide broadcast networks that employ multiple pinching antennas (PAs) under a frequency-dependent dielectric waveguide attenuation model. It introduces a joint optimization framework that optimizes beamforming, PA power ratios, and PA positions via a block coordinate descent algorithm enhanced with majorization-minimization and penalty methods to handle non-convexities. The approach yields suboptimal yet scalable solutions and demonstrates significant performance gains over conventional antenna systems and single-PA configurations, approaching an ideal attenuation-free upper bound in simulations. The work highlights the practical benefits of exploiting additional degrees of freedom through PA placement and power control at high carrier frequencies, enabling more reliable LoS connectivity and reduced path loss.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation for multi-dielectric waveguide-assisted broadcast systems, where each waveguide employs multiple pinching antennas (PAs), aiming to maximize the minimum achievable rate among multiple users. To capture realistic propagation effects, we propose a novel generalized frequency-dependent power attenuation model for dielectric waveguides PA systems. We jointly optimize waveguide beamforming, PA power ratio allocation, and antenna positions via a block coordinate descent scheme that capitalizes on majorization minimization and penalty methods, circumventing the inherent non-convexity of the formulated optimization problem and obtaining a computationally efficient sub-optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed framework substantially outperforms both conventional antenna systems and single PA per waveguide configurations, clearly illustrating the intricate trade-offs between waveguide propagation loss, path loss, and resource allocation among multiple PAs.

Resource Allocation for Multi-waveguide Pinching Antenna-assisted Broadcast Networks

TL;DR

The paper tackles resource allocation for multi-waveguide broadcast networks that employ multiple pinching antennas (PAs) under a frequency-dependent dielectric waveguide attenuation model. It introduces a joint optimization framework that optimizes beamforming, PA power ratios, and PA positions via a block coordinate descent algorithm enhanced with majorization-minimization and penalty methods to handle non-convexities. The approach yields suboptimal yet scalable solutions and demonstrates significant performance gains over conventional antenna systems and single-PA configurations, approaching an ideal attenuation-free upper bound in simulations. The work highlights the practical benefits of exploiting additional degrees of freedom through PA placement and power control at high carrier frequencies, enabling more reliable LoS connectivity and reduced path loss.

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation for multi-dielectric waveguide-assisted broadcast systems, where each waveguide employs multiple pinching antennas (PAs), aiming to maximize the minimum achievable rate among multiple users. To capture realistic propagation effects, we propose a novel generalized frequency-dependent power attenuation model for dielectric waveguides PA systems. We jointly optimize waveguide beamforming, PA power ratio allocation, and antenna positions via a block coordinate descent scheme that capitalizes on majorization minimization and penalty methods, circumventing the inherent non-convexity of the formulated optimization problem and obtaining a computationally efficient sub-optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed framework substantially outperforms both conventional antenna systems and single PA per waveguide configurations, clearly illustrating the intricate trade-offs between waveguide propagation loss, path loss, and resource allocation among multiple PAs.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 11 sections, 1 theorem, 32 equations, 5 figures, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model
  3. Waveguide Propagation Model
  4. Channel Model and Performance Metric
  5. Problem Formulation
  6. Problem Solution
  7. Sub-problem $1$: Beamforming Design
  8. Sub-problem $2$: PAs' Power Ratio Allocation
  9. Sub-problem $3$: PAs' Location
  10. Simulation Results
  11. Conclusion

Key Result

Lemma 1

The rank-one constraints $({\rm C11})$ are equivalent to constraint $(\overline{{\rm C11}})$, given by:

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: A downlink PA-assisted communication system.
  • Figure 2: Illustration of the available power ratios among PAs along the $n$-th dielectric waveguide, considering the propagation attenuation effect.
  • Figure 3: Average minimum achievable rate versus the total transmit power budget of different antenna systems with $N = 2$, $M = 3$, and $K = 5$.
  • Figure 4: Average minimum achievable rate versus the number of waveguides for different user and antenna settings, with a snapshot example of optimized PA locations and power allocations.
  • Figure : Overall BCD Algorithm

Theorems & Definitions (2)

  • Lemma 1
  • proof