Towards Network Data Analytics in 5G Systems and Beyond
Marcos Lima Romero, Ricardo Suyama
TL;DR
The paper tackles the underutilization of mobile network data by Mobile Network Operators and the need to monetize data analytics through NWDAF in 5G and beyond. It surveys NWDAF developments across 3GPP Releases 15–19, analyzes over 70 articles with 23 in-depth studies, and maps architectures, use cases, datasets, and ML techniques, identifying gaps such as limited data and code availability and sparse Release 19 deployments in literature. It contributes by documenting NWDAF evolution (from monolithic to distributed AnLF/MTLF architectures with ADRF/DCCF/MFAF), summarizing current state-of-the-art, and proposing two novel use cases—charging bypass fraud detection and Open Gateway analytics—for monetization and broader adoption. The findings provide a reference for researchers and industry to align with standards and accelerate practical NWDAF deployment in 5G networks and beyond.
Abstract
Data has become a critical asset in the digital economy, yet it remains underutilized by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), unlike Over-the-Top (OTT) players that lead global market valuations. To move beyond the commoditization of connectivity and deliver greater value to customers, data analytics emerges as a strategic enabler. Using data efficiently is essential for unlocking new service opportunities, optimizing operational efficiency, and mitigating operational and business risks. Since Release 15, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) to provide powerful insights and predictions using data collected across mobile networks, supporting both user-centric and network-oriented use cases. However, academic research has largely focused on a limited set of methods and use cases, driven by the availability of datasets, restricting broader exploration. This study analyzes trends and gaps in more than 70 articles and proposes two novel use cases to promote the adoption of NWDAF and explore its potential for monetization.