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Post-glitch Recovery and the Neutron Star Structure: The Vela Pulsar

Himanshu Grover, Erbil Gügercinoğlu, Bhal Chandra Joshi, M. A. Krishnakumar, Shantanu Desai, P. Arumugam, Debades Bandyopadhyay

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the Vela pulsar's rotational behaviour using approximately 100 months of observational data spanning from September 2016 to January 2025, during which four glitches were identified. Here, we demonstrate the post-glitch recovery of these glitches within the framework of the vortex creep model. We further present the investigation of vortex residuals (the discrepancy between observed values and those predicted by the vortex creep model) by interpreting them in the context of the vortex bending model. In addition, we report a positive correlation between the glitch magnitude and the time to the next glitch, applicable only for the large glitch events observed in the Vela pulsar. Furthermore, we estimate the braking index of the Vela pulsar to be 2.94 $\pm$ 0.55.

Post-glitch Recovery and the Neutron Star Structure: The Vela Pulsar

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the Vela pulsar's rotational behaviour using approximately 100 months of observational data spanning from September 2016 to January 2025, during which four glitches were identified. Here, we demonstrate the post-glitch recovery of these glitches within the framework of the vortex creep model. We further present the investigation of vortex residuals (the discrepancy between observed values and those predicted by the vortex creep model) by interpreting them in the context of the vortex bending model. In addition, we report a positive correlation between the glitch magnitude and the time to the next glitch, applicable only for the large glitch events observed in the Vela pulsar. Furthermore, we estimate the braking index of the Vela pulsar to be 2.94 0.55.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 16 sections, 5 equations, 19 figures, 5 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. The Vortex Creep and Bending Models
  3. Observations and Analysis
  4. Sample and Observational Facilities
  5. Data Reduction and Timing Analysis
  6. Bayesian Analysis
  7. Results and Discussions
  8. Glitches
  9. Post-Glitch Recoveries
  10. Glitch No. 1 -- MJD 57734.4(2)
  11. Glitch No. 2 -- MJD 58517(7)
  12. Glitch No. 3 -- MJD 59417.6(1)
  13. Glitch No. 4 -- MJD 60429.9(1)
  14. Correlations and Braking Index
  15. Conclusion and Future Prospects
  16. ...and 1 more sections

Figures (19)

  • Figure 1: The rotational evolution of the Vela pulsar from September 2016 to January 2025.
  • Figure 2: Glitch observed in PSR J0835--4510 on MJD 60429.9. The top panel represents the timing residuals. The middle and bottom panels display the evolution of $\Delta \nu$ and $\Delta \dot\nu$, respectively. The vertical dashed line indicates the glitch epoch.
  • Figure 3: The post-glitch recovery of the Vela glitch G1. The top panel shows the observed change in the spin-down rate relative to the pre-glitch spin-down rate (blue dots) and the best-fit vortex creep model predictions (red solid curve). The bottom panel displays the residuals obtained by subtracting the best-fit values from the measurements of the spin-down rate on the scale of $10^{-11}$ Hz s$^{-1}$.
  • Figure 4: The Lomb-Scargle Periodogram for the vortex residuals of G1 in the Vela pulsar.
  • Figure 5: The vortex residuals of G1 and the vortex bending model. The vortex residuals are in units of $10^{-11}$ Hz s$^{-1}$.
  • ...and 14 more figures