Avoided-crossings, degeneracies and Berry phases in the spectrum of quantum noise through analytic Bloch-Messiah decomposition

Abstract

The Bloch-Messiah decomposition (BMD) is a fundamental tool in quantum optics, enabling the analysis and tailoring of multimode Gaussian states by decomposing linear optical transformations into passive interferometers and single-mode squeezers. Its extension to frequency-dependent matrix-valued functions, recently introduced as the "analytic Bloch-Messiah decomposition" (ABMD), provides the most general approach for characterizing the driven-dissipative dynamics of quantum optical systems governed by quadratic Hamiltonians. In this work, we present a detailed study of the ABMD, focusing on the typical behavior of parameter-dependent singular values and of their corresponding singular vectors. In particular, we analyze the hitherto unexplored occurrence of avoided and genuine crossings in the spectrum of quantum noise, the latter being manifested by nontrivial topological Berry phases of the singular vectors. We demonstrate that avoided crossings arise naturally when a single parameter is varied, leading to hypersensitivity of the singular vectors and suggesting the presence of genuine crossings in nearby systems. We highlight the possibility of programming the spectral response of photonic systems through the deliberate design of avoided crossings. As a notable example, we show that such control can be exploited to generate broad, flat-band squeezing spectra -- a desirable feature for enhancing degaussification protocols. This study provides new insights into the structure of multimode quantum correlations and offers a theoretical framework for experimental exploitation of complex quantum optical systems.

Figures (9)

• Figure 1: Case $n=4$ and $\text{codim}=3$. Squeezing, $d_{n+j}^{-2}(\omega)$ and anti-squeezing, $d_i^2(\omega)$ (with $j\in\{1,\ldots,4\}$) spectra, in dB. The specific choice for the parameters gives an avoided-crossing between the second ($j=1$) and third ($j=2$) squeezing and anti-squeezing spectra around $\omega=0.794\gamma$ (marked by the vertical black-dashed line) and an avoided-crossing between the third ($j=2$) and forth ($j=3$) squeezing spectra around $\omega=0.164\gamma$ (marked by the vertical black-dot-dasjhed line). The inset shows a magnified view of the two avoided crossing regions in the anti-squeezing spectra.
• Figure 2: Anti-squeezing spectra in dB ($d_1^2(\omega,g_{12})$ and $d_2^2(\omega,g_{12})$) for the case $n=4$, $\text{codim}=3$. (a) For $g_{22}=1.25\gamma$: the surfaces of anti-squeezing avoid crossing through the entire plane $(\omega,g_{11})$. (b) For $g_{22}\approx1.12\gamma$: the surfaces of squeezing touch at one point of degeneracy in the plane $(\omega,g_{11})$.
• Figure 3: Continuous Berry phases $\alpha_j(\theta)$ for $j = 1, \ldots, 4$ and $\theta \in [0, \pi]$ associated to the corresponding singular vectors of \ref{['eq:Sfun_3param']} computed along the parallels of the sphere of radius $0.5$, centered at $(\omega, g_{11}, g_{22}) = (0.8, 1.35, 1.25)$. Note that $\alpha_2$ and $\alpha_3$ do not return to zero, indicating that $d_2$ and $d_3$ experience a degeneracy within the region enclosed by the sphere.
• Figure 4: Case $n=4$ and $\text{codim}=2$. Squeezing, $d_{n+j}^{-2}(\omega)$ and anti-squeezing, $d_j^2(\omega)$ (with $j\in\{1,\ldots,4\}$) spectra, in dB. The specific choice for the parameters gives an avoided-crossing between the second ($j=1$) and third ($j=2$) squeezing and anti-squeezing spectra around $\omega=0.761\gamma$ (marked by the vertical black-dashed line) and an avoided-crossing between the third ($j=2$) and forth ($j=3$) squeezing spectra around $\omega=0.079\gamma$ (marked by the vertical black-dot-dashed line). The inset shows a magnified view of the two avoided crossing regions in the anti-squeezing spectra.
• Figure 5: Anti-squeezing spectra ($d_1^2(\omega)$ and $d_2^{2}(\omega)$), in dB, for the case $n=4$ and $\text{codim}=2$. The surfaces of squeezing touch at one point of degeneracy in the plane $(\omega,g_{11})$ corresponding to $\omega\approx0.847\gamma$ and $g_{11}\approx1.56\gamma$.

Theorems & Definitions (11)

• Definition 1
• Definition 2
• Theorem 1: XU20031
• Theorem 2
• Definition 3
• Remark 1
• Theorem 3: Adapted from DIPU_LAA2012
• Remark 2
• Remark 3
• Theorem 4