Planet as a Brain: Towards Internet of AgentSites based on AIOS Server
Xiang Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang
TL;DR
Traditional web hosting centers on centralized Websites, which constrains openness and scalability for multi-agent systems. The paper presents AIOS Server, a decentralized runtime that hosts autonomous agents on distributed AgentSites and enables peer-to-peer collaboration via MCP and JSON-RPC. It also introduces AIOS-IoA deployment with AgentHub and AgentChat, plus a DHT-Gossip-based registry for scalable agent discovery, with a formal complexity $O(\log n)$ for lookups. Empirical results from local and cloud deployments demonstrate low latency and high throughput, validating decentralized coordination across global nodes. These contributions establish a practical foundation for an Internet of Agentsites where autonomous agents act as first-class web citizens.
Abstract
The internet is undergoing a historical transformation from the "Internet of Websites" to the "Internet of AgentSites." While traditional Websites served as the foundation for information hosting and dissemination, a new frontier is emerging where AgentSites serve as the hubs of the internet, where each AgentSite hosts one or more AI agents that receive tasks, address them, and deliver actionable solutions, marking a significant shift in the digital landscape and representing the next generation of online ecosystems. Under this vision, AIOS, the AI Agent Operating System, serves as the server for the development, deployment and execution of AI agents, which is a fundamental infrastructure for the Internet of Agentsites. In this paper, we introduce AIOS Server, a runtime framework to host agents and enable global-scale collaboration among decentralized agents. AIOS Server provides a communication protocol leveraging the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and JSON-RPC to enable agent-agent or human-agent interactions. Each AIOS node operates as a server to host and execute agents, while supporting peer-to-peer coordination without reliance on centralized orchestration. Based on AIOS Server, we further present the world's first practically deployed Internet of Agentsites (AIOS-IoA), including AgentHub for agent registration and discovery and AgentChat for interactive communication, at https://planet.aios.foundation. The agent discovery mechanism based on Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) and a Gossip protocol serves as the search engine for the internet of agentsites. This work provides a practical foundation for building the Internet of Agentsites-a new paradigm where autonomous agents become first-class citizens of the web. The implementation is available at https://github.com/agiresearch/AIOS.Server and is integrated into the AIOS main branch at https://github.com/agiresearch/AIOS.