Bio-crafting Architecture: Experiences of growing mycelium in minimal surface molds

TL;DR

The paper investigates growing mycelium within 3D-printed, wood-based minimal-surface cores to create lightweight, insulating composites for architectural use. A three-week workshop with 30 architecture students produced triply periodic minimal surfaces, which were 3D printed, impregnated with mycelium, baked, and exhibited publicly, with participant surveys and audience interviews collected to assess material performance and perceptions. Findings show that mycelium binds to the wood-based filament to form composite bricks with insulating properties, though mold presents a practical challenge requiring process adjustments. Designers report strong engagement with living materials, characterized by biophilia and occasional biophobia, while the general public remains optimistic about biotech futures but holds divergent views on ethics and regulation. The work advances material-based design education, demonstrates a feasible molding approach for mycelium composites, and calls for systematic material testing and thoughtful governance as biotechnologies become more integrated into design practice.

Abstract

This study documents a three-week workshop with architecture students, where we designed and 3D printed various minimal surfaces using wood-based filaments, and used them as molds in which to grow mycelium. We detail the design process and the growth of the mycelium in different shapes, together with participants' experiences of working with a living material. After exhibiting the results of the work in a public-facing exhibition, we conducted interviews with members of the general public about their perceptions on interacting with a material such as mycelium in design. Our findings show that 3D-printed minimal surfaces with wood-based filaments can function as structural cores for mycelium-based composites and mycelium binds to the filament. Participants in the workshop exhibited stronger feelings for living materials compared to non-living ones, displaying both biophilia and, to a lesser extent, biophobia when interacting with the mycelium. Members of the general public discuss pragmatic aspects including mold, fragility, or production costs, and speculate on the future of bio-technology and its impact on everyday life. While all are positive about the impact on bio-technologies on the future, they have diverging opinions on how much ethical considerations should influence research directions.

Figures (10)

• Figure 1: Axonometric views of 16 minimal surfaces.
• Figure 2: The steps taken during the workshop
• Figure 3: 3D printed minimal surfaces before being impregnated with mycelium.
• Figure 4: Exhibition of workshop results including images showing the opening vernisage.
• Figure 5: Exhibition of workshop results.