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Integrated Sensing and Communications for Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS)

Zheng Zhang, Zhaolin Wang, Xidong Mu, Bingtao He, Jian Chen, Yuanwei Liu

TL;DR

The paper tackles joint sensing and communication (ISAC) for pinching-antenna systems (PASS) by proposing a separated ISAC design with two dielectric waveguides to transmit information and receive echoes. It develops a penalty-based alternating optimization framework that introduces auxiliary variables and uses SDR with DC relaxation to solve a non-convex optimization, updating a penalty parameter in an outer loop to converge to a stationary point. The approach maximizes target illumination power $P_{ ext{s}}$ while enforcing the communication QoS constraint $R \ge R_{\text{QoS}}$, and demonstrates, through simulations, that PASS-ISAC outperforms conventional antenna architectures; illumination improves with more pinching elements and favorable waveguide orientation, while equal power allocation generally yields better performance than proportional allocation. The work highlights the potential of PASS-ISAC for flexible LoS establishment and near-field sensing in 6G scenarios such as autonomous driving and XR, with practical implications for large-aperture reconfigurable wireless systems.

Abstract

An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) design for pinching antenna systems (PASS) is proposed, where the pinching antennas are deployed to establish reliable line-of-sight communication and sensing links. More particularly, a separated ISAC design is proposed for the two-waveguide PASS, where one waveguide is used to emit the information-bearing signals for ISAC transmission while the other waveguide is used to receive the reflected echo signals. Based on this framework, a penalty-based alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the illumination power as well as ensure the communication quality-of-service requirement. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed PASS-ISAC scheme outperforms the conventional antenna scheme.

Integrated Sensing and Communications for Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS)

TL;DR

The paper tackles joint sensing and communication (ISAC) for pinching-antenna systems (PASS) by proposing a separated ISAC design with two dielectric waveguides to transmit information and receive echoes. It develops a penalty-based alternating optimization framework that introduces auxiliary variables and uses SDR with DC relaxation to solve a non-convex optimization, updating a penalty parameter in an outer loop to converge to a stationary point. The approach maximizes target illumination power while enforcing the communication QoS constraint , and demonstrates, through simulations, that PASS-ISAC outperforms conventional antenna architectures; illumination improves with more pinching elements and favorable waveguide orientation, while equal power allocation generally yields better performance than proportional allocation. The work highlights the potential of PASS-ISAC for flexible LoS establishment and near-field sensing in 6G scenarios such as autonomous driving and XR, with practical implications for large-aperture reconfigurable wireless systems.

Abstract

An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) design for pinching antenna systems (PASS) is proposed, where the pinching antennas are deployed to establish reliable line-of-sight communication and sensing links. More particularly, a separated ISAC design is proposed for the two-waveguide PASS, where one waveguide is used to emit the information-bearing signals for ISAC transmission while the other waveguide is used to receive the reflected echo signals. Based on this framework, a penalty-based alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the illumination power as well as ensure the communication quality-of-service requirement. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed PASS-ISAC scheme outperforms the conventional antenna scheme.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 11 sections, 20 equations, 4 figures, 2 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. System Model and Problem Formulation
  3. Channel Model
  4. Signal Model
  5. Problem Formulation
  6. Pinching Beamforming Optimization
  7. Inner layer iteration---subproblem with respect to $\{\mathbf{\tilde{W}},\mathbf{\tilde{V}}\}$
  8. Inner layer iteration---subproblem with respect to $\{\mathbf{x}^{\text{p}}\}$
  9. Outer layer iteration
  10. Numerical Results
  11. Conclusion

Figures (4)

  • Figure 1: The separated ISAC design for PASS.
  • Figure 2: The illumination power versus the transmit power at the BS.
  • Figure 3: The illumination power versus the rotation angle of the dielectric waveguide, where $P_{\text{T}} = 70$ dBm.
  • Figure 4: The illumination power versus the rotation angle of the dielectric waveguide, where $P_{\text{T}} = 70$ dBm.