Axion-like particle production from lepton-nucleon scattering in chiral effective theory

Abstract

In this work we study the axion/axion-like particle production from the lepton-nucleon scattering in the low-energy region, i.e., the $\ell N\to \ell N a$ processes, $\ell$ being the electron or muon and $N$ the proton or neutron. We simultaneously include three different types of axion interaction couplings within the chiral effective field theory, namely the axion-nucleon-nucleon couplings $g_{aNN}$, axion-photon-photon coupling $g_{aγγ}$ and axion-photon-vector meson resonances couplings $g_{ρaγ}$ and $g_{ωaγ}$. Vast inputs from the lattice QCD and hadron phenomenological studies are used to fix the unknown couplings. The relative strengths of different axion interactions in the $\ell N\to \ell N a$ processes are then revealed. We provide detailed predictions for the differential cross sections with respect to various angles and axion energy, as well as the total cross sections in the low-energy region around production thresholds, both for the Kim-Shifman-Vainstein-Zakharov (KSVZ) and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axion models.

Figures (17)

• Figure 1: The Feynman diagrams of $\ell N\rightarrow \ell N a$.
• Figure 2: Illustration of the kinematics in the CM frame of the incoming particles for the $\ell (p_1) N(p_2)\to \ell(p_3) N(p_5) a(p_4)$ reaction.
• Figure 3: Differential cross sections evaluated with the full amplitudes as a function of axion energy $E_{a}$ for the $ep\rightarrow epa$ process at $m_a=0.1$ GeV (a) and $10^{-6}$ GeV (b).
• Figure 4: Differential cross sections $\mathrm{d}\sigma/\mathrm{d}\varphi^*$ (a), $\mathrm{d}\sigma/\mathrm{d}\theta^*$ (b), and $\mathrm{d}\sigma/\mathrm{d}\theta$ (c) for $ep\rightarrow epa$, evaluated with full amplitudes and plotted against the cosine of the corresponding angle.
• Figure 5: Total cross sections for $ep\rightarrow epa$ (a) and $en\rightarrow ena$ (b) with $m_a=0.1$ GeV.