Timelike Quantum Energy Teleportation

TL;DR

Timelike Quantum Energy Teleportation (TQET) extends QET by incorporating time evolution between a sender and receiver, enabling conditional feedback based on a measurement outcome after a delay. The approach uses time-separated correlations to create energy extraction windows that exceed what is possible with natural evolution or instantaneous QET, achieving an operational efficiency up to ~40% in Ising-model simulations. The work provides analytical insight through a compact energy-balance expression and validates the mechanism via quantum-simulation demonstrations, connecting the enhancement to timelike correlators and a spacetime density matrix formalism. This advances the feasibility of energy transport in quantum media and opens avenues for integrating dynamic, temporally correlated protocols into quantum networks and multi-agent energy management.

Abstract

We establish a novel quantum protocol called Timelike Quantum Energy Teleportation (TQET) between two separated parties $A$ and $B$, designed for transporting quantum energy across spacetime. The amount of energy gained through TQET is always greater than or equal to that obtained via natural time evolution for any spin chain where $A$ and $B$ are distinguishable. This protocol uses temporal and spatial quantum correlations between agents separated by space and time. The energy supplier injects energy into the system by measuring the ground state of a many-body system that evolves over time, while the distant recipient performs a conditional operation using feedback from the supplier. When Bob acts immediately after receiving Alice's outcome, the protocol reduces to conventional QET. We present a proof-of-concept demonstration in the Ising model using quantum simulations. TQET increases energy efficiency from approximately 3\% to around 40\%, representing over a 13-fold improvement compared to QET. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between entanglement in time and TQET, validating the role of temporal correlations in energy activation between agents across spacetime.

Figures (6)

• Figure 1: Images of QET and TQET [top], and a TQET quantum circuit [bottom], where VQE means the variational eigensolver.
• Figure 2: TQET and QET energies teleported to Bob at $n_B=N-1$ from Alice at $n_A=2$ within the system of $N=6$.
• Figure 3: The $N$-dependence of the energy conversion efficiency \ref{['eq:ECE']} of TQET, compared to QET.
• Figure 4: A comparison of the net energies teleported by TQET and QET was evaluated using eq. \ref{['eq:TQET_ratio']}.
• Figure 5: A comparison between QET and TQET.