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Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic

Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Núria Domènech, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Pablo Muñoz, Seyed Mahdi Darroudi, Pablo Ameigeiras, Juan M. Lopez-Soler

TL;DR

The potential of configuring the 5 G time division duplex pattern to minimize packet transmission delay in industrial environments is investigated, and different TDD configurations under varying traffic loads, packet sizes and full buffer status report activation are evaluated.

Abstract

The digital transformation driven by Industry 4.0 relies on networks that support diverse traffic types with strict deterministic end-to-end latency and mobility requirements. To meet these requirements, future industrial automation networks will use time-sensitive networking, integrating 5G as wireless access points to connect production lines with time-sensitive networking bridges and the enterprise edge cloud. However, achieving deterministic end-to-end latency remains a challenge, particularly due to the variable packet transmission delay introduced by the 5G system. While time-sensitive networking bridges typically operate with latencies in the range of hundreds of microseconds, 5G systems may experience delays ranging from a few to several hundred milliseconds. This paper investigates the potential of configuring the 5G time division duplex pattern to minimize packet transmission delay in industrial environments. Through empirical measurements using a commercial 5G system, we evaluate different TDD configurations under varying traffic loads, packet sizes and full buffer status report activation. Based on our findings, we provide practical configuration recommendations for satisfying requirements in industrial automation, helping private network providers increase the adoption of 5G.

Empirical Analysis of 5G TDD Patterns Configurations for Industrial Automation Traffic

TL;DR

The potential of configuring the 5 G time division duplex pattern to minimize packet transmission delay in industrial environments is investigated, and different TDD configurations under varying traffic loads, packet sizes and full buffer status report activation are evaluated.

Abstract

The digital transformation driven by Industry 4.0 relies on networks that support diverse traffic types with strict deterministic end-to-end latency and mobility requirements. To meet these requirements, future industrial automation networks will use time-sensitive networking, integrating 5G as wireless access points to connect production lines with time-sensitive networking bridges and the enterprise edge cloud. However, achieving deterministic end-to-end latency remains a challenge, particularly due to the variable packet transmission delay introduced by the 5G system. While time-sensitive networking bridges typically operate with latencies in the range of hundreds of microseconds, 5G systems may experience delays ranging from a few to several hundred milliseconds. This paper investigates the potential of configuring the 5G time division duplex pattern to minimize packet transmission delay in industrial environments. Through empirical measurements using a commercial 5G system, we evaluate different TDD configurations under varying traffic loads, packet sizes and full buffer status report activation. Based on our findings, we provide practical configuration recommendations for satisfying requirements in industrial automation, helping private network providers increase the adoption of 5G.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 13 sections, 5 figures, 2 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Related Works
  3. Contributions
  4. Industrial Automation Traffic and 5G Features under Evaluation
  5. Traffic Types for Industrial Automation
  6. TDD Patterns
  7. UE Buffer Status Report (BSR)
  8. Proof of Concept and Performance Results
  9. Testbed Description
  10. Experimental Setup
  11. Performance Results
  12. Recommendations for 5G TDD Pattern Configurations
  13. Conclusions and Future Works

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: 5G frame structure and TDD pattern.
  • Figure 2: Proof of concept equipment and evaluated scenario.
  • Figure 3: CDF of the packet transmission delay for DL and UL with different TDD patterns when full is not activated. The packet size is 100 bytes.
  • Figure 4: CDF of the packet transmission delay for DL and UL with different TDD patterns when full is activated. The packet size is 100 bytes.
  • Figure 5: CDF of the packet transmission delay for different TDD patterns, comparing 100-bytes and 1000-bytes packet sizes. Full BSR is activated.