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Optimizing Resource Allocation and Scheduling towards FRMCS and GSM-R networks coexistence in Railway Systems

Mohamed Aziz Aboud, Nawel Zangar, Rami Langar, Marion Berbineau, Jerome Madec

TL;DR

The paper addresses the coexistence of FRMCS and GSM-R in a shared 900 MHz band during the 2G-5G migration. It formulates an ILP for FRMCS resource allocation and introduces ITSP, a CQI-aware, preemption-enabled scheduler to maximize FRMCS performance while protecting GSM-R. Through simulations, ITSP achieves near-optimal FRMCS throughput and effective reuse of colliding PRBs, outperforming baselines that ignore colliding resources or lack preemption. The work advances practical, scalable spectrum sharing for railway networks and supports a safe, cost-effective FRMCS rollout alongside legacy GSM-R.

Abstract

The actual railway communication system used in Europe for high-speed trains (HST) is called the GSM-R system, which is a communication system based on 2G infrastructure. This system is meant to be replaced by a new system based on 5G NR infrastructure called the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) by 2030. For the next years, both systems will probably coexist in the same frequency band since the migration from GSM-R to FRMCS is planned to be done progressively until the GSM-R system is completely shut down, mainly due to safety and budget constraints. In this paper, we study the resource allocation for the FRMCS system sharing the same frequency band as the already deployed GSM-R system. We formulate the resource allocation problem as an integer linear problem (ILP), known to be NP-hard.To solve it in a reasonable time, we propose a scheduling algorithm, called Intelligent Traffic Scheduling Preemptor (ITSP), that allocates resources for the different FRMCS traffic types considered (critical traffic and performance traffic) in the same frequency band with the GSM-R system. Our algorithm is channel quality Indicator (CQI) aware and uses the preemption mechanism in 5G NR standards to optimize the resource allocation for the FRMCS system without impacting the actual GSM-R resource allocation in the context of the white space concept.

Optimizing Resource Allocation and Scheduling towards FRMCS and GSM-R networks coexistence in Railway Systems

TL;DR

The paper addresses the coexistence of FRMCS and GSM-R in a shared 900 MHz band during the 2G-5G migration. It formulates an ILP for FRMCS resource allocation and introduces ITSP, a CQI-aware, preemption-enabled scheduler to maximize FRMCS performance while protecting GSM-R. Through simulations, ITSP achieves near-optimal FRMCS throughput and effective reuse of colliding PRBs, outperforming baselines that ignore colliding resources or lack preemption. The work advances practical, scalable spectrum sharing for railway networks and supports a safe, cost-effective FRMCS rollout alongside legacy GSM-R.

Abstract

The actual railway communication system used in Europe for high-speed trains (HST) is called the GSM-R system, which is a communication system based on 2G infrastructure. This system is meant to be replaced by a new system based on 5G NR infrastructure called the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) by 2030. For the next years, both systems will probably coexist in the same frequency band since the migration from GSM-R to FRMCS is planned to be done progressively until the GSM-R system is completely shut down, mainly due to safety and budget constraints. In this paper, we study the resource allocation for the FRMCS system sharing the same frequency band as the already deployed GSM-R system. We formulate the resource allocation problem as an integer linear problem (ILP), known to be NP-hard.To solve it in a reasonable time, we propose a scheduling algorithm, called Intelligent Traffic Scheduling Preemptor (ITSP), that allocates resources for the different FRMCS traffic types considered (critical traffic and performance traffic) in the same frequency band with the GSM-R system. Our algorithm is channel quality Indicator (CQI) aware and uses the preemption mechanism in 5G NR standards to optimize the resource allocation for the FRMCS system without impacting the actual GSM-R resource allocation in the context of the white space concept.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 12 sections, 10 equations, 6 figures, 3 tables, 1 algorithm.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Background and Related work
  3. Background: White space concept and FRMCS deployment specifications
  4. Scheduling in 5G NR
  5. System model and Problem Formulation
  6. System Model
  7. Problem Formulation
  8. Proposed Resource and Scheduling Algorithm
  9. Performance evaluation
  10. Simulation setup
  11. Simulation results
  12. Conclusion

Figures (6)

  • Figure 1: FRMCS and GSM-R co-existence with white space concept bib2
  • Figure 2: Railway infrastructure
  • Figure 3: Multiplexing between performance-type and critical-type traffics
  • Figure 4: Total Network Performance traffic throughput vs. Nbr. of colliding PRBs
  • Figure 5: RBs reuse rate vs. Nbr. of colliding PRBs
  • ...and 1 more figures