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A review on modelling, evaluation, and optimization of cyber-physical system reliability

Moslem Uddin, Huadong Mo, Daoyi Dong

TL;DR

This paper surveys the modelling, evaluation, and optimization of CPS reliability, organizing the literature into analytical, simulation, and hybrid modelling approaches. It surveys evaluation techniques such as fault tree analysis, Markov models, Petri nets, FMEA, and Bayesian networks, and reviews optimization strategies including redundancy, dynamic reconfiguration, and resource allocation. The work identifies key challenges, emerging trends, and future research directions to advance reliable CPS design and operation. By synthesizing methods across domains and highlighting gaps, the paper provides a consolidated reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers aiming to improve CPS dependability.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present an overview of current research on modelling, evaluation, and optimization methods for improving the reliability of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Three major modelling approaches, namely analytical, simulation, and hybrid models, are discussed. Various evaluation techniques, including fault tree analysis, Markov models, and availability measures, are reviewed and compared. Optimization strategies for CPS reliability, including fault tolerance, dynamic reconfiguration, and resource allocation, are also reviewed and briefly discussed. Besides, emerging trends and research opportunities in this field are highlighted and explained. Finally, the possible challenges are outlined and then future research are directed for CPS. This study can provide a systematic and in-dept introduction to CPS for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

A review on modelling, evaluation, and optimization of cyber-physical system reliability

TL;DR

This paper surveys the modelling, evaluation, and optimization of CPS reliability, organizing the literature into analytical, simulation, and hybrid modelling approaches. It surveys evaluation techniques such as fault tree analysis, Markov models, Petri nets, FMEA, and Bayesian networks, and reviews optimization strategies including redundancy, dynamic reconfiguration, and resource allocation. The work identifies key challenges, emerging trends, and future research directions to advance reliable CPS design and operation. By synthesizing methods across domains and highlighting gaps, the paper provides a consolidated reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers aiming to improve CPS dependability.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present an overview of current research on modelling, evaluation, and optimization methods for improving the reliability of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Three major modelling approaches, namely analytical, simulation, and hybrid models, are discussed. Various evaluation techniques, including fault tree analysis, Markov models, and availability measures, are reviewed and compared. Optimization strategies for CPS reliability, including fault tolerance, dynamic reconfiguration, and resource allocation, are also reviewed and briefly discussed. Besides, emerging trends and research opportunities in this field are highlighted and explained. Finally, the possible challenges are outlined and then future research are directed for CPS. This study can provide a systematic and in-dept introduction to CPS for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 34 sections, 2 figures, 5 tables.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Current Survey
  3. Motivation
  4. Contribution
  5. Paper structure
  6. CPS - background
  7. Definition and characteristics of CPS
  8. Key components and interactions in CPS
  9. Applications and domains of CPS
  10. Importance of reliability in CPS
  11. Reliability modelling and evaluation of CPSs
  12. Approaches to modelling CPS reliability
  13. Analytical models
  14. Simulation models
  15. Hybrid models
  16. ...and 19 more sections

Figures (2)

  • Figure 1: Overall research roadmap for this paper.
  • Figure 2: Schematic representation of CPS. The physical system comprises the energy infrastructure, including wind turbines, transmission lines, and industrial facilities. The cyber system processes data collected from the physical system and makes real-time decisions to optimize performance, reduce emissions, and enhance efficiency.