Construction of blowup solutions for Liouville systems
Zetao Cheng, Haoyu Li, Lei Zhang
TL;DR
This work establishes the existence of multi-bubble blowup solutions for a general Liouville system on a flat torus with nonnegative, invertible, symmetric interaction matrix $A$. It develops a refined Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction combined with Fourier analysis to convert the infinite-dimensional PDE problem into a finite-dimensional problem governing bubble locations and scales, under minimal structural assumptions. The analysis yields sharp blowup profiles, detailed interaction terms, and a robust invertibility framework for the linearized operator, enabling the construction of $N$-bubble configurations in full generality. The results generalize prior one- and few-bubble constructions to arbitrary component counts, providing a systematic method to realize bubbling phenomena in Liouville systems with rich coupling behavior and geometric-analytic significance.
Abstract
We study the following Liouville system defined on a flat torus \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{array}{lr} -Δu_i=\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij}ρ_j\Big(\frac{h_j e^{u_j}}{\int_Ωh_j e^{u_j}}-1\Big),\nonumber \\ u_j\in H_{per}^1(Ω)\mbox{ for }i\in I=\{1,\cdots,n\}\nonumber, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $h_j\in C^3(Ω)$, $h_j>0$, $ρ_j>0$ and $u=(u_1,..,u_n)$ is doubly periodic on $\partialΩ$. The matrix $A=(a_{ij})_{n\times n}$ satisfies certain properties. One central problem about Liouville systems is whether multi-bubble solutions do exist. In this work we present a comprehensive construction of multi-bubble solutions in the most general setting.