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Blockchain-based Trust Management in Security Credential Management System for Vehicular Network

SangHyun Byun, Arijet Sarker, Sang-Yoon Chang, Jugal Kalita

TL;DR

This work tackles the vulnerability of centralized SCMS trust management in vehicular networks by introducing Blockchain-Based Trust Management (BBTM), which replaces the traditional Policy Generator with smart contracts and uses two separate blockchains to manage the Global Certificate Chain File (GCCF) and the Global Policy File (GPF). Implemented on Hyperledger Fabric, the PoC demonstrates improved decentralization, transparency, and resilience against single-point failures, while maintaining end-entity validation. Empirical results show that BBTM maintains lightweight processing, manages certificate chains efficiently, and sustains multiple transactions per second, with reasonable ledger growth and end-to-end latency under cloud-based deployment. The approach significantly enhances accountability and trust in V2X PKI operations, paving the way for more robust, privacy-preserving multi-authority certificate management in vehicular networks.

Abstract

Cellular networking is advancing as a wireless technology to support diverse applications in vehicular communication, enabling vehicles to interact with various applications to enhance the driving experience, even when managed by different authorities. Security Credential Management System (SCMS) is the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for vehicular networking and the state-of-the-art distributed PKI to protect the privacy-preserving vehicular networking against an honest-but-curious authority using multiple authorities and to decentralize the trust management. We build a Blockchain-Based Trust Management (BBTM) to provide even greater decentralization and security. Specifically, BBTM uses the blockchain to 1) replace the existing Policy Generator (PG), 2) manage the policy of each authority in SCMS, 3) aggregate the Global Certificate Chain File (GCCF), and 4) provide greater accountability and transparency on the aforementioned functionalities. We implement BBTM on Hyperledger Fabric using a smart contract for experimentation and analyses. Our experiments show that BBTM is lightweight in processing, efficient management in the certificate chain and ledger size, supports a bandwidth of multiple transactions per second, and provides validated end-entities.

Blockchain-based Trust Management in Security Credential Management System for Vehicular Network

TL;DR

This work tackles the vulnerability of centralized SCMS trust management in vehicular networks by introducing Blockchain-Based Trust Management (BBTM), which replaces the traditional Policy Generator with smart contracts and uses two separate blockchains to manage the Global Certificate Chain File (GCCF) and the Global Policy File (GPF). Implemented on Hyperledger Fabric, the PoC demonstrates improved decentralization, transparency, and resilience against single-point failures, while maintaining end-entity validation. Empirical results show that BBTM maintains lightweight processing, manages certificate chains efficiently, and sustains multiple transactions per second, with reasonable ledger growth and end-to-end latency under cloud-based deployment. The approach significantly enhances accountability and trust in V2X PKI operations, paving the way for more robust, privacy-preserving multi-authority certificate management in vehicular networks.

Abstract

Cellular networking is advancing as a wireless technology to support diverse applications in vehicular communication, enabling vehicles to interact with various applications to enhance the driving experience, even when managed by different authorities. Security Credential Management System (SCMS) is the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for vehicular networking and the state-of-the-art distributed PKI to protect the privacy-preserving vehicular networking against an honest-but-curious authority using multiple authorities and to decentralize the trust management. We build a Blockchain-Based Trust Management (BBTM) to provide even greater decentralization and security. Specifically, BBTM uses the blockchain to 1) replace the existing Policy Generator (PG), 2) manage the policy of each authority in SCMS, 3) aggregate the Global Certificate Chain File (GCCF), and 4) provide greater accountability and transparency on the aforementioned functionalities. We implement BBTM on Hyperledger Fabric using a smart contract for experimentation and analyses. Our experiments show that BBTM is lightweight in processing, efficient management in the certificate chain and ledger size, supports a bandwidth of multiple transactions per second, and provides validated end-entities.

Paper Structure

This paper contains 25 sections, 5 figures, 4 tables, 3 algorithms.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Preliminaries
  3. Security Credential Management System
  4. Blockchain-based Root Management
  5. Problem Statement
  6. Contribution Scope
  7. Threat Model
  8. BBTM Design Principle and Architecture
  9. Advantages of Using Blockchain for Trust Management
  10. Advantage of Using Two Blockchains Instead of One Blockchain
  11. BBTM Structure and Entities
  12. BBTM Design Principle
  13. Notations and Variables
  14. Network Setup
  15. Functionalities of GCCF and GPF
  16. ...and 10 more sections

Figures (5)

  • Figure 1: SCMS Authorities and Interactions
  • Figure 2: Blockchain-Based Trust Management (BBTM)
  • Figure 3: Blockchain Size
  • Figure 4: Communication latency between vehicle and RA, executed ever cellular networks (5G and LTE) during driving
  • Figure 5: Blockchain Performance